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Pugnacidae ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4866144	https://www.gbif.org/species/4866144
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	123376	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=123376

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Pugnacidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
-	Lophophorata
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Rhynchonellida	Kuhn 1949
superfamily	Pugnacoidea	Rzhonsnitskaia 1956
family	Pugnacidae	Rzonsnitzkaja 1956

Scientific Name

Pugnacidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pugnacidae	family	belongs to Rhynchonelloidea	stated without evidence	Savage and Baxter, 1995
Pugnacidae	family	belongs to Pugnacoidea	stated with evidence	Williams et al., 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

419 - 411 Ma
Early/Lower Devonian

Last Recorded Appearance

254 - 252 Ma
Permian

Motility

stationary (based on Rhynchonellida)

Vision

blind (based on Rhynchonellata)

Diet

suspension feeder (based on Rhynchonellida)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Brachiopoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

N. M. Savage and M. Baxter. 1995. Late Devonian (Frasnian) brachiopods from the Wadleigh Limestone, Southeastern Alaska. Journal of Paleontology 69(6):1029-1046

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Allorhynchoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Cavatisinurostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Chapinella ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Coeloterorhynchus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Colophragma ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Dimensionaequalirostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eopugnax ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Evanidisinurostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Filigreenia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Globulirhynchia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	383 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	380 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Hypseloterorhynchus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Kwangsirhynchus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Longdongshuia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mouydirhynchus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ningbingella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pammegetherhynchus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Parapugnax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Paromoeopygma ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	376 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Perrarisinurostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pleuropugnoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		29	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	323 Ma Carboniferous
Propriopugnus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	339 Ma Carboniferous	326 Ma Carboniferous
Pugnax ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		79	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	254 Ma Permian
Solidipontirostrum ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Trifidorostellum ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	372 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	371 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Ujandinella ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Zilimia ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1956	Pugnacidae Rzonsnitzkaja
1995	Pugnacidae Savage and Baxter p. 1035
2002	Pugnacidae Williams et al. p. 1165

References

Savage N. M., Baxter M. (1995) Late Devonian (Frasnian) brachiopods from the Wadleigh Limestone, Southeastern Alaska, Journal of Paleontology 69 6, 1029-1046

Williams A., Brunton C. H. C., et al (2002) Part H Brachiopoda (revised): Volume 4, Rhynchonelliformea (part), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 921-1688

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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