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Hipparion forcei

Description

Hipparion (Greek, "pony") is an extinct genus of horse that lived in North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa during the Miocene through Pleistocene ~23 Mya—781,000 years ago. It lived in non-forested, grassy plains, shortgrass prairie or steppes.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4969268https://www.gbif.org/species/4969268
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)46984https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=46984
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion : Hipparion forcei
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion : Hipparion forcei
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
orderPerissodactyla
suborderLophodontomorphaHooker and Dashzeveg 2004
infraorderEuperissodactylaHooker and Dashzeveg 2004
-Hippomorpha
superfamilyEquoideaHay 1902
familyEquidaeGray 1821
subfamilyEquinaeSteinmann and Döderlein 1890
tribeHipparioniniQuinn 1955
genusHipparionde Christol 1832
speciesHipparion forceiRichey 1948
Generic NameHipparion
Scientific NameHipparion forcei Richey, 1948
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Hipparion forceispeciesbelongs to Hipparionstated without evidenceRichey, 1948
Hipparion forceispeciesbelongs to Hipparionstated with evidenceMacFadden, 1984
Hipparion forceispeciesbelongs to Hipparionstated without evidenceMacFadden, 1998
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance23.0 - 10.3 Ma
Miocene
Last Recorded Appearance11.6 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietbrowser (based on Hipparion)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)K. A. Richey. 1948. Lower Pliocene horses from Black Hawk Ranch, Mount Diablo, California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 28(1):1-44
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipparion_forcei

Fossil Distribution

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1948Hipparion forcei Richey
1984Hipparion forcei MacFadden p. 70 figs. 25-27, 40-45, 146, 150
1998Hipparion forcei MacFadden p. 548
2011Hipparion forcei Boessenecker p. 2

References

Richey K. A. (1948) Lower Pliocene horses from Black Hawk Ranch, Mount Diablo, California, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 28 1, 1-44
MacFadden B. J. (1984) Systematics and phylogeny of Hipparion, Neohipparion, Nannippus, and Cormohipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Miocene and Pliocene of the New World, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 179 1, 1-195
MacFadden B. J. (1998) Equidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 537-559
Boessenecker R. W. (2011) Herpetocetine (Cetacea: Mysticeti) dentaries from the Upper Miocene Santa Margarita Sandstone of Central California, PaleoBios 30 1, 1-12
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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