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Parahippus leonensis âśť

Description

Parahippus leonensis is an extinct proto-horse of the family Equidae that was endemic to North America during the Miocene from 23.030—16.3 Ma living for approximately 6.73 million years.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4969361https://www.gbif.org/species/4969361
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)49839https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=49839
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus leonensis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus leonensis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
subclassTribosphenida
infraclassEutheria
-PlacentaliaOwen 1837
orderPerissodactyla
suborderLophodontomorphaHooker and Dashzeveg 2004
infraorderEuperissodactylaHooker and Dashzeveg 2004
-Hippomorpha
superfamilyEquoideaHay 1902
familyEquidaeGray 1821
subfamilyAnchitheriinaeLeidy 1869
genusParahippusLeidy 1858
speciesParahippus leonensisSellards 1916
Generic NameParahippus
Scientific NameParahippus leonensis (Sellards, 1916)
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Parahippus leonensisspeciesbelongs to Parahippusstated with evidenceSellards, 1916
Parahippus leonensisspeciesbelongs to Parahippusstated without evidenceSchlaikjer, 1937
Parahippus leonensisspeciesbelongs to Hippodonstated without evidenceQuinn, 1955
Parahippus leonensisspeciesbelongs to Parahippusstated without evidenceForsten, 1975
Parahippus leonensisspeciesbelongs to Parahippusstated with evidenceMacFadden, 1998
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
First Recorded Appearance30.8 - 20.4 Ma
Cenozoic
Last Recorded Appearance20.4 - 5.3 Ma
Miocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Eutheria)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietbrowser (based on Equidae)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)E. H. Sellards. 1916. Fossil vertebrates from Florida: A new Miocene fauna; new Pliocene species; the Pleistocene fauna. Florida State Geological Survey, Annual Report 8:79-119
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahippus_leonensis

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Merychippus vellicans (Hay, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Merychippus vellicans
Parahippus barbouri (White, 1942)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus barbouri
Merychippus socius Hay, 1924GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Merychippus socius
Hippodon barbouri (White, 1942)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Hippodon barbouri
Parahippus vellicans (Hay, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Parahippus vellicans
Hippodon vellicans (Hay, 1924)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Hippodon vellicans
Hippodon leonensis (Sellards, 1916)GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Parahippus : Hippodon leonensis

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1916Parahippus leonensis Sellards p. 83 figs. Plate 11, Figs. 3, 6-9 and 12
1918Parahippus leonensis Osborn p. 95 figs. Text Fig. 72
1924Merychippus vellicans Hay pp. 7-9
1924Merychippus socius Hay p. 9
1937Parahippus leonensis Schlaikjer p. 271
1940Parahippus leonensis Stirton p. 177
1940Parahippus vellicans Stirton p. 177
1942Parahippus barbouri White
YearName and Author
1955Hippodon leonensis Quinn
1955Hippodon barbouri Quinn p. 13
1955Hippodon vellicans Quinn p. 13
1975Parahippus leonensis Forsten
1975Parahippus vellicans Galusha
1991Parahippus leonensis Hulbert, Jr. and MacFadden
1998Parahippus leonensis MacFadden p. 546

References

Sellards E. H. (1916) Fossil vertebrates from Florida: A new Miocene fauna; new Pliocene species; the Pleistocene fauna, Florida State Geological Survey, Annual Report 8, 79-119
Osborn H. F. (1918) Equidae of the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene of North America, iconographic type revision, Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 2 1, 1-217
Hay O. P. (1924) Description of some fossil vertebrates from the Upper Miocene of Texas, Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 37, 1-18
Schlaikjer E. M. (1937) A study of Parahippus wyomingensis and a discussion of the phylogeny of the genus, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 80 5, 255-280
Stirton R. A. (1940) Phylogeny of North American Equidae, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 25 4, 165-198
White T. E. (1942) The Lower Miocene mammal fauna of Florida, Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 92 1, 1-49
Quinn J. H. (1955) Miocene Equidae of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas Report of Investigations 5516, 1-102
Forsten A. -M. (1975) The Fossil Horses of the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: A Revision , Pearce-Sellards Series 22, 1-86
Galusha T. (1975) Stratigraphy of the Box Butte Formation, Nebraska, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 156 1
Hulbert, Jr. R. C., MacFadden B. J. (1991) Morphological transformation and cladogenesis at the base of the adaptive radiation of Miocene hypsodont horses, American Museum Novitates 3000, 1-61
MacFadden B. J. (1998) Equidae, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 1, 537-559
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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