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Holasteroida

Photos

Photo Gallery

Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Sternotaxis sp.

Coulsdon Quarry, Coulsdon, Croydon, Greater London, England, UK

Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Sternotaxis sp.

Coulsdon Quarry, Coulsdon, Croydon, Greater London, England, UK

Holaster sp.

Betchworth Quarry, Mole Valley, Surrey, England, UK

Sternotaxis sp.

Coulsdon Quarry, Coulsdon, Croydon, Greater London, England, UK

Description

Holasteroida is an order of irregular sea urchins.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holasteroida, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	5964522	https://www.gbif.org/species/5964522
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	33281	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=33281

Rank

order

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Holasteroida

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Echinoidea : Holasteroida

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Echinozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Echinoidea
subclass	Euechinoidea	Bronn 1860
superorder	Acroechinoidea
-	Carinacea	Kroh and Smith 2010
-	Irregularia
-	Atelostomata	von Zittel 1879
order	Holasteroida	Durham and Melville 1957

Scientific Name

Holasteroida

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Holasteroida	order	belongs to Irregularia	stated with evidence	Smith, 1991
Holasteroida	order	belongs to Echinoidea	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Holasteroida	order	belongs to Atelostomata	stated with evidence	Kroh and Smith, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

143

Extant Size (PBDB)

16 (11%)

First Recorded Appearance

145 - 140 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Environment

marine

Motility

actively mobile

Vision

limited (based on Echinoidea)

Diet

detritivore

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. W. Durham and R. V. Melville. 1957. A classification of Echinoids. Journal of Paleontology 31:242-272

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holasteroida

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Meridosternata suborder	listed (PBDB)		613	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Calymnidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cardiasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Carnarechinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Corystusidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Echinocorythidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Hemipneustidae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Holasteridae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		612	140 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Plexechinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pourtalesiidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Pseudholasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stegasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Stenonasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Urechinidae family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Coraster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Corechinus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Coryslus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eoholaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	145 Ma Late Jurassic	145 Ma Late Jurassic
Galeola ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Habanaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Labrotaxis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	105 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Menuthiaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Murciaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nordenskjoeldaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Physaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pomaster ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pseudholaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Salvaster genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Seunaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Smithiaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Spatagoides ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Turanglaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1957	Holasteroida Durham and Melville
1991	Holasteroida Smith p. 48
1995	Holasteroida Smith p. 222
2002	Holasteroida Sepkoski, Jr.
2010	Holasteroida Kroh and Smith p. 172

References

Smith A. B. (1991) Taxonomic descriptions, in Cretaceous echinoids from north-eastern Brazil, Fossils and Strata 31, 1-88

Smith A. B. (1995) Late Campanian-Maastrichtian echinoids from the United Arab Emirates-Oman border region, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum (Geology Series) 51, 121-240

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Kroh A., Smith A. B. (2010) The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8 2, 147-212 doi:10.1080/14772011003603556

Kroh, A. & Smith, A.B. (2010): The phylogeny and classification of post-Palaeozoic echinoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8/2: 147-212. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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