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Orussidae

Description

The Orussidae or the parasitic wood wasps represent a small family of sawflies ("Symphyta"). Currently, about 85 extant and four fossil species are known. They take a key position in phylogenetic analyses of Hymenoptera, because they form the sister taxon of the megadiverse apocritan wasps, and the common ancestor of Orussidae + Apocrita invented parasitism for the first time in course of the evolution of the Hymenoptera. They are also the only sawflies with carnivorous larvae.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)6044https://www.gbif.org/species/6044
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)216731https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=216731
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Orussidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
-NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
-Holometabola
orderHymenopteraLinnaeus 1758
-UnicalcaridaSchulmeister et al. 2002
suborderVespina
superfamilyOrussoideaNewman 1834
familyOrussidaeNewman 1834
Common Nameparasitic wood wasp
Scientific NameOrussidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Orussidaefamilybelongs to Symphytastated with evidenceRasnitsyn, 1977
Orussidaefamilybelongs to Orussoideastated with evidenceSharkey, 2007
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)10
Extant Size (PBDB)2 (20%)
First Recorded Appearance99.6 - 93.5 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Environmentterrestrial (based on Insecta)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arthropoda)
Taphonomychitin (based on Insecta)
Primary Reference (PBDB)A. P. Rasnitsyn. 1977. New Hymenoptera from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia. Paleontological Journal 11(3):349-357
Common Name(s) Parasitväxtsteklar, Parasitic Wood Wasps, Parasitic Wood Wasp
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orussidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Mesorussinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)199.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Argentophrynopus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Baltorussus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Guiglia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Leptorussus
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Mesorussus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
199.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
99.6 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Minyorussus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
193.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
93.9 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Mocsarya
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophrella
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophrynon
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophrynopus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
120.4 Ma
Miocene
0 Ma
Extant
Orussobaius
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Ophryhopus tomentosus
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1834Orussidae Newman
1977Orussidae Rasnitsyn
2007Orussidae Sharkey

References

Rasnitsyn A. P. (1977) New Hymenoptera from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Asia, Paleontological Journal 11 3, 349-357
Sharkey M. J. (2007) Phylogeny and classification of Hymenoptera, Zootaxa 1668, 521-548
Taeger, Blank, M. & Liston, D. (2010) World Catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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