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Araceae

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Description

The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the arum family, members are often colloquially known as aroids. This family of 114 genera and about 3750 known species is most diverse in the New World tropics, although also distributed in the Old World tropics and northern temperate regions.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araceae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	6979	https://www.gbif.org/species/6979
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	55277	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=55277

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Araceae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Plantae : Angiospermae : Arales : Araceae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
kingdom	Plantae	Haeckel 1866
subkingdom	Embryophyta	Crane et al. 2004
phylum	Angiospermae	Mabberley 2000
subclass	Monocotyledoneae
subclass	Arecidae
order	Arales
family	Araceae	de Jussieu 1789

Scientific Name

Araceae

Name Published In

Gen. Pl.: 23. 4 Aug

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Araceae	family	belongs to Spathiflorae	stated without evidence	Hickey, 1977
Araceae	family	belongs to Arales	stated without evidence	McIver and Basinger, 1993
Araceae	family	belongs to Alismatales	implied	Taylor et al., 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 72 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Diet

photoautotroph (based on Angiospermae)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

L. J. Hickey. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of western North Dakota. The Geological Society of America Memoir 150:1-183

Common Name(s)

Aronskelkfamilie, Kallaväxter, Myrkonglefamilien, Andmatsväxter, Aracées, Arum Family, Arums, Aronstabgewächse

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araceae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Lemnoideae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Orontioideae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Adelonema genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aglaodorum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aglaonema genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Albertarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Alloschemone genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Alocasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ambrosina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amorphophallus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Amydrium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anadendrum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anaphyllopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anaphyllum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anchomanes genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anthurium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anubias genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Apoballis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Araceaeites genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aridarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ariopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arisaema genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arisarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arophyton genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Arum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Asterostigma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bakoa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Biarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bognera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Bucephalandra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Caladiosoma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Caladium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Calla genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Callopsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Carlephyton genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cercestis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chlorospatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cobbania ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Colletogyne genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Colocasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Croatiella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cryptocoryne genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Culcasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cyrtosperma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dieffenbachia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dracontioides genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dracontium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dracunculus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eminium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Englerarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Epipremnum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Fenestratarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Filarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Furtadoa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Galantharum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gearum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gonatopus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gorgonidium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Gymnostachys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hapaline genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Helicodiceros genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hestia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Heteropsis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Holochlamys genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Homaida genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Homalomena genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Idimanthus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Incarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Jasarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Keratosperma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Lagenandra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lasimorpha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lemna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		32	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Leucocasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lorenzia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lysichiton genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lysichitum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mangonia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Monstera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Montrichardia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nephthytis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ooia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Orontium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pedicellarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Peltandra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Philodendron genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Philonotion genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Phymatarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pichinia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pinellia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Piptospatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pistia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Podolasia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Porosia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pothoidium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pothos genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Protarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudodracontium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pseudohydrosme genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pycnospatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Raphidophora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Remusatia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhaphidophora genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhodospatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sauromatum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scaphispatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Schismatoglottis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Schottariella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Schottarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scindapsus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Solenosterigma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spathantheum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spathanthium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spathicarpa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spathiphyllum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spathyema genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Spirodela genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Stenospermation genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stenospermatum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Steudnera genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stylochaeton genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Symplocarpus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Synandrospadix genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Syngonium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Taccarum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Thaumatophyllum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Theriophonum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Typhonium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Typhonodorum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Ulearum genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Urospatha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Wolffia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Wolffiella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xanthosoma genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zamioculcas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zantedeschia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zomicarpa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Zomicarpella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Araciphyllites schaarschmidtii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Araciphyllites tertiarius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cadaba heterophylla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Polypodium barbatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rhapidophora cretosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Scindapsis rupestris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sylochaeton euryphyllus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sylochaeton hypogaeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sylochaeton lancifolius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sylochaeton natalensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xanthosma bilineatum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Xanthosma yucatanense species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Callaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Callaceae
Pothaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Pothaceae
Monsteraceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Monsteraceae
Dracontiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Dracontiaceae
Cryptocorynaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Cryptocorynaceae
Arisaraceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Arisaraceae
Caladiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Caladiaceae
Pistiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Pistiaceae
Wolffiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Wolffiaceae
Philodendraceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Philodendraceae
Orontiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Orontiaceae
Lemnaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Lemnaceae
Colocasiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Colocasiaceae
Lasiaceae	GBIF	family	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Liliopsida : Alismatales : Lasiaceae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1789	Araceae de Jussieu
1977	Araceae Hickey
1993	Araceae McIver and Basinger
2000	Araceae Mabberley
2008	Araceae Taylor et al. p. 1029

References

Hickey L. J. (1977) Stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation (Early Tertiary) of western North Dakota, The Geological Society of America Memoir 150, 1-183

McIver E. E., Basinger J. F. (1993) Flora of the Ravenscrag Formation (Paleocene), Southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada, Palaeontographica Canadiana 10, 1-85

Mabberley D.J. (2000) The Plant-Book, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 858 p.

Taylor E., Taylor T., et al (2008) Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 1-1230

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, R., Hallingbäck, T., Hansson, H.G. & Hedström, L. (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska växtfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Grayum, M. H. Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on Costa Rican Araceae. Phytologia: An international journal to expedite plant systematic, phytogeographical and ecological publication 82, 57 (1997). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Huang, P., Lake, J. & Kostelac, C. V. Araceae of the Flora of Reserva La Planada, Narino Department, Colombia (Part 1). Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 32, 12 (2009). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. Charles & Wong, S. Yeng. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXXIII: Fenestratarum culum - A new genus and species from Kalimantan Barat, Indonesian Borneo. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37E, 10 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Temponi, L. Godinho, Poli, L. Peres & Croat, T. Bernard. A new species of Rhodospatha (Araceae), with a key to species from the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. Brittonia 64, 60 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Engler, A. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Araceae V. 12. Über den Entwicklungsgang in der Familie der Araceen und über die Blütenmorphologie derselben. Translation by Simon Mayo. (1884). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & Wong, S. Yeng. Piptospatha teijsmannii (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae), a new species from Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. Webbia: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography 68, 86 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. The Araceae of Indomalaya I: Piptospatha N.E.Br. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 35, 23 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N., LING, L. O. W. S. H. O. O. K. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXV – Seven New species of Aridarum. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37, 32 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Kurniawan, A., Asih, N. Putu Sri, Adjie, B. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo IX: A New Species of Homalomena Supergroup Chamaecladon from Kalimantan Timur, Indonesian Borneo. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 34, 36 (2011). - via CATE Araceae

Sivadasan, M. & V. Jaleel, A. Amorphophallus bognerianus (Araceae), a New Species from India. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 32, 141 (2009). - via CATE Araceae

Van der Meijden, R. (2005) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wong, S. Yeng & Boyce, P. Charles. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXX: Schismatoglottis petradoxa and S. tseui, new shale-obligate rheophytes of uncertain affinity. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37E, 16-25 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo XIV – A New Rheophytic Species of Homalomena from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37, 37 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Soon, T. Lay, YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo VI: Homalomena giamensis, a New Species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, with Observations on its Pollination. Aroideana 33, 211 (2010). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Huang, P., Lake, J. & Kostelac, C. V. Araceae of the Flora of La Planada, Nariño Department, Colombia (Part 2). Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 33, 142 (2010). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Grib, J. J. & Kostelac, C. V. New Species of Philodendron (Araceae) from South America. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 36E, 70 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Zhi-Ling, D. A. O., Shao-Tian, C. H. E. N., Yun-Heng, J. I. & Heng, L. Typhonium baoshanense Z. L. Dao & H. Li, a new species of Araceae from western Yunnan, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. Additamentum. Beijing 45, 238 (2007). - via CATE Araceae

Van Du, N. & Croat, T. B. A New Species of Typhonium (Araceae) from Vietnam. Novon; a Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO 20, 197 (2010). - via CATE Araceae

YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo XVII: two new species of granite-restricted Homalomena from NW Sarawak. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici. Florence 69, 74 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

ARA, H. O. S. N. E. & HASSAN, A. B. U. L. FIVE NEW RECORDS OF AROIDS FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 19, 23 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Tae, K. - H. & Kim, J. - H. Pinellia koreana (Araceae), a New Species from Korea. Novon; a Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO 15, 487 (2005). - via CATE Araceae

YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N., Chen, H. Yin, Soon, T. Lay & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo XIII – New Species of Homalomena. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 36, 29 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Engler, A. Engler's Review of Aroideae Maximilianae Translated by Simon Mayo. Botanische Zeitung. 2. Abteilung. Leipzig 37, 853-856 (1879). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Friedenberg, B. & Kostelac, C. V. New Species of Philodendron (Araceae) from South America. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37E, 50 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Reveal, J. L. (2006). USDA - APHIS - Concordance of Family Names, 2006 version. Available online at http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/usda/usdaindex.html. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXVII – Three enigmatic new species of Schismatoglottis from the "Heart of Borneo". Aroideana 37E, 28 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Sulaiman, B. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Peninsular Malaysia V: Homalomena wallichii, Refound after over 190 Years. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 34, 29 (2011). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Bay, D. C. & Yates, E. D. New Species of Stenospermation and Xanthosoma (Araceae) from Bajo Calima, Valle Department, Colombia. Novon; a Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO 17, 305 (2007). - via CATE Araceae

Hetterscheid, W. L. A., Ibisch, P. L. & Goncalves, E. G. Two new species of Araceae tribe Spathicarpeae from Bolivia. Brittonia; a Series of Botanical Papers. New York, NY 55, 41 (2003). - via CATE Araceae

Goncalves, E. G. Five New Brazilian Species for the Tribe Caladieae (Araceae). Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 36, 86 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Wong, S. Y., Boyce, P. C. & Low, S. L. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XVII: The Schismatoglottis Hottae Complex, a new informal taxon, and three new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Gardens' Bulletin. Singapore 64, 269 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Hadjikyriakou, G., Hand, R. & Mansion, G. Arum cylindraceum subsp. pitsyllianum (Araceae), a New Taxon from Cyprus. Novon; a Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO 21, 436 (2011). - via CATE Araceae

Gonçalves, E. Gomes. A revision of Scaphispatha (Araceae – Caladieae) including a new species. Rodriguesia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botanico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 56, 60 (2005). - via CATE Araceae

Hetterscheid, W. New Typhonium Species from Asia. Aroideana 2013, 97 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Scherberich, D., Ferry, G. & M. Mora, M. Two new species of Philodendron (Araceae) from Amazonian Peru. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 34 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Punekar, S. A. & Kumaran, K. P. N. Two New Combinations in Arisaema (Araceae) from India. Novon 19, 396 (2009). - via CATE Araceae

Bogner, J. On Hapaline appendiculata and Phymatarum borneense, Two Rare Araeeae from Borneo. Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vienna, New York 144, 66 (1984). - via CATE Araceae

YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXVIII – A New Bakoa from Indonesian Borneo. Aroideana 36, 7 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Cardoso, A. Luiz de Re & Moonen, J. Philodendron joaosilvae, a New Species of Philodendron, subgenus Philodendron, section Philodendron (Araceae) from Brazil. Aroideana 36E, 98 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo XV: A Novel Limestone-Obligated Homalomena from SW Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 37, 43 (2014). - via CATE Araceae

Mujaffar, S., Yasin, C. M., Moinuddin, S. & Mustakim, S. TYPHONIUM KHANDWAENSE (ARACEAE: AREAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA. Bioscience Discovery 4, 29 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Sulaiman, B. & Boyce, P. C. Studies on Monstereae (Araceae) of Peninsular Malaysia 1: Rhaphidophora megasperma, a New Record for West Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research 21, 6 (2010). - via CATE Araceae

Croat, T. B., Grib, J. J. & Kostelac, C. V. New Species of Philodendron (Araceae) in the Guianas. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 35, 71 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Sumatera I: Homalomena hypsiantha, a distinctive new species of the Chamaecladon Supergroup. Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici. Florence 67, 150 (2012). - via CATE Araceae

Yadav, S. R., Kahalkar, V. I. & Bhuskute, S. M. A New Species of Amorphophallus Bl. ex Decne. (Araceae) from Bhandara District, Maharashtra State, India. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 32, 135 (2009). - via CATE Araceae

Zhonglang, W., Heng, L. & Fuhua, B. Typhonium jinpingense, a New Species from Yunnan, China, with the Lowest Diploid Chromosome Number in Araceae. Novon; a Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. St. Louis, MO 12, 289 (2002). - via CATE Araceae

Engler, A. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die morphologischen Verhältnisse der Araceae. I. Theil. Natürliches System der Araceae. Translation by Simon Mayo. (1876). - via CATE Araceae

Boyce, P. C. & YENG, W. O. N. G. S. I. N. Studies on Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) of Borneo XXXIII – A review of the Schismatoglottis Tecturata Group, including description of a new species, Schismatoglottis evelyniae. Aroideana; Journal of the International Aroid Society 36E, 15 (2013). - via CATE Araceae

Gen. Pl.: 23. 4 Aug - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161(2): 105-121. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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