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Paraschwagerina ✝

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Description

Schwagerina is an extinct genus of fusulinacean Foraminifera that is used as an Early Permian index fossil. The overall shape of the shell or test is fusiform to subcylindrical, the spirotheca, or outer test wall, is thick, and composed of tectum and alveolar keriotheca; the septa are fluted throughout the length of the shell, intense to top of chambers in some, only in lower parts in others; axial fillings highly variable, chomata distinct or thin and discontinuous.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraschwagerina, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	7901867	https://www.gbif.org/species/7901867
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	2073	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=2073

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Chromista : Foraminifera : Triticitidae : Paraschwagerina

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Foraminifera : Schwagerinidae : Paraschwagerina

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Rhizaria
phylum	Retaria	Cavalier-Smith 1999
phylum	Foraminifera
suborder	Fusulinina	(Fursenko 1958)
superfamily	Fusulinoidea
family	Schwagerinidae	Dunbar and Henbest 1930
genus	Paraschwagerina	Dunbar & Skinner 1936

Scientific Name

Paraschwagerina Dunbar & Skinner, 1936

Name Published In

Dunbar, C. O.; Skinner, J. W. (1936). Schwagerina versus Pseudoschwagerina and Paraschwagerina. Journal of Paleontology. 10: 83–91.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Paraschwagerina	genus	belongs to Pseudoschwagerinidae	stated with evidence	Leven, 1992
Paraschwagerina	genus	belongs to Foraminiferida	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Paraschwagerina	genus	belongs to Schwagerinidae	stated with evidence	Forke, 2002

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

304 - 299 Ma
Carboniferous

Last Recorded Appearance

290 - 279 Ma
Permian

Motility

stationary (based on Foraminifera)

Diet

omnivore (based on Foraminifera)

Taphonomy

low Mg calcite (based on Fusulinina)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraschwagerina

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Paraschwagerina acuminata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina aijuvensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina akhunovi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina akiyoshiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina arca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina baschkirica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina caijiagangensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina crassitheca ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina deformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina dlakshanensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina elongata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina esetensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina fairbanksi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina fax ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina fragilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina fragosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina fukouensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina gigantea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina globularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina grossifusina species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina indigesta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina inflata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina ingloria ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina ischimbajica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina ishimbajica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina jiangxiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina juresanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina kanmerai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina kansasensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina kokpectensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	304 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina koksarecensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina longa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina longiformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina magna ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina mangcuohuensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina markamica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina microglobularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina mira species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina mukhamedjarovica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina needhami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paraschwagerina nitida ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina obesa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina pachkovi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina paragigantea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina paranitida ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina pashkovi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina phrenesa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina plena species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina primaeva ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	304 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina pseudomira ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	299 Ma Carboniferous	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina pseudostachei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina pulla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina qinghaiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina quasifosteri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina renieides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina renodis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina ridgensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Paraschwagerina rotundata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina roveloi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina sarycumensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina schisudensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina sera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina shaxianensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina shengi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina shimodakensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina shuleri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina sixiakouensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina tarda ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	290 Ma Permian	290 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina tianshanensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina tinvenkiangi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina toriyamai ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina tsharymdarensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Paraschwagerina tumidofusieides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina veberi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina vesca species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina vlasovi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	299 Ma Carboniferous	299 Ma Carboniferous
Paraschwagerina yanagidai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paraschwagerina zhenanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1992	Paraschwagerina Leven p. 79
2002	Paraschwagerina Forke p. 247
2002	Paraschwagerina Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Paraschwagerina Stevens and Stone
2008	Paraschwagerina Kobayashi and Altiner p. 222

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Leven E. J. (1992) Fusulinids, in Perm' Darvaz-Zaalayskoy zony Pamira: fusulinidy, ammonoidei, stratigrafiya, Rossiyskaya Akademiya Nauk, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta 253, 64-109

Forke H. C. (2002) Biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of uppermost Carboniferous/Lower Permian sediments in the southern Alps: fusulinoidean and conodont faunas from the Carnic Alps (Austria/Italy), Karavanke Mountains (Slovenia), and southern Urals (Russia), Facies 47, 201-275

Stevens C. H., Stone P. (2007) The Pennsylvanian-Early Permian Bird Spring carbonate shelf, southeastern California: fusulinid biostratigraphy, paleogeographic evolution, and tectonic implications, Geological Society of America Special Paper 429, 1-82

Kobayashi F., Altiner D. (2008) Fusulinoidean Faunas from the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian Platform Limestone in the Hadim Area, Central Taurides, Turkey, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 114, 191-232

GBIF/Yale University Peabody Museum: Peabody Invertebrate Paleontology DiGIR Service - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Nov 2016). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Dunbar, C. O.; Skinner, J. W. (1936). Schwagerina versus Pseudoschwagerina and Paraschwagerina. Journal of Paleontology. 10: 83–91. - via World Register of Marine Species

J. Paleont., 10 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Loeblich, A. R.; Tappan, H. (1987). Foraminiferal Genera and their Classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 970pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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