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Halosauridae

Description

Halosaurs are eel-shaped fishes found only at great ocean depths. As the family Halosauridae, halosaurs are one of two families within the order Notacanthiformes; the other being the deep-sea spiny eels, Notacanthidae. Halosaurs are thought to have a worldwide distribution, with some 17 species in three genera represented. Only a handful of specimens have been observed alive, all in chance encounters with Remotely operated underwater vehicles.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)9666https://www.gbif.org/species/9666
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)265727https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=265727
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopterygii : Notacanthiformes : Halosauridae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Notacanthiformes : Halosauridae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
superclassActinopterygii
classActinopteri
subclassNeopterygii
-TeleosteomorphaArratia et al. 2004
-Teleostei
-Elopocephalai
-Elopocephala
-Elopomorpha
orderNotacanthiformes
familyHalosauridae
Scientific NameHalosauridae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Halosauridaefamilybelongs to Heteromistated without evidenceDavid, 1943
Halosauridaefamilybelongs to Lyopomistated without evidenceJordan, 1963
Halosauridaefamilybelongs to Notacanthoideistated without evidenceFierstine et al., 2012
Halosauridaefamilybelongs to Notacanthiformesstated with evidenceBetancur-R et al., 2013
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)8
Extant Size (PBDB)4 (50%)
First Recorded Appearance48.6 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Environmentmarine (based on Vertebrata)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Actinopterygii)
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. Betancur-R., R. E. Broughton, and E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, J. A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life
Common Name(s) Halosaurs, トカゲギス
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halosauridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Halosaurinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
Laytoniinae
subfamily
listed (PBDB)
Aldrovandia
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Echidnocephalus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
189.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
89.8 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
Enchelurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Halosauropsis
genus
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Halosaurus
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
0 Ma
Extant
Laytonia
genus
listed (PBDB)248.6 Ma
Eocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1943Halosauridae David p. 13
1963Halosauridae Jordan p. 628
2012Halosauridae Fierstine et al. p. 13
2013Halosauridae Betancur-R. et al.

References

Betancur-R. R., Broughton R. E., et al (2013) The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes, PLOS Currents Tree of Life doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288
David L. R. (1943) Miocene Fishes of Southern California, Geological Society of America Special Paper 43, 1-187
Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816
Fierstine H. L., Huddleston R. W., et al (2012) Catalog of the Neogene bony fishes of California: A ystematic inventory of all published accounts, Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 159, 1-206
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Eschmeyer online (Jul 2012) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
FishBase - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)
Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2019). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2019. - via World Register of Marine Species
Van Der Laan, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Fricke, R. (2014). Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa. 3882(1): 1-230. - via World Register of Marine Species
Moore, Jon A., Karsten E. Hartel, James E. Craddock, and John K. Galbraith, 2003: An annotated list of deepwater fishes from off the New England region, with new area records. Northeastern Naturalist, vol. 10, no. 2. 159-248. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
van der Land, J.; Costello, M.J.; Zavodnik, D.; Santos, R.S.; Porteiro, F.M.; Bailly, N.; Eschmeyer, W.N.; Froese, R. (2001). Pisces, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 357-374 - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)
Smith, D. G. / Carpenter, Kent E., and Volker H. Niem, eds., 1999: Halosauridae: Halosaurs. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol. 3: Batoid fishes, chimaeras and Bony fishes, part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). 1625-1626. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Nelson, Joseph S., 1994: null. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. xvii + 600. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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