Apatite from Kenya


Kenya
Baringo County ⓘ Londiani Volcano	Binge, F. W. (1962). Geology of the Kericho Area. Report, Geological Survey of Kenya, 50.
ⓘ Embu County
Homa Bay County ⓘ Homa Mountain complex	Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
ⓘ Kisingiri Volcano	Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., & Krull, E. S. (1999). Palaeoenvironments of Early Miocene Kisingiri volcano Proconsul sites: evidence from carbon isotopes, palaeosols and hydromagmatic deposits. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(5), 965-976. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.5.0965 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 Bestland, E. A., Thackray, G. D., & Retallack, G. J. (1995). Cycles of doming and eruption of the Miocene Kisingiri Volcano, Southwest Kenya. The Journal of Geology, 103(5), 598-607. doi.org/10.1086/629779 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 DRAKE, R. E., VAN COUVERING, J. A., PICKFORD, M. H., CURTIS, G. H., & HARRIS, J. A. (1988). New chronology for the Early Miocene mammalian faunas of Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 145(3), 479-491. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.145.3.0479 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Rubie, D. C., & Gunter, W. D. (1983). The role of speciation in alkaline igneous fluids during fenite metasomatism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82(2-3), 165-175. doi.org/10.1007/BF01166611 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2 Rubie, D. C. (1982). Mass transfer and volume change during alkali metasomatism at Kisingiri, Western Kenya. Lithos, 15(2), 99-109. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(82)90003-2
ⓘ Rangwa carbonatite complex	Rosatelli, G., Wall, F., Le Bas, M.J. (2003) Potassic glass and calcite carbonatite in lapilli from extrusive carbonatites at Rangwa Caldera Complex, Kenya. Mineralogical Magazine, 67:5, 931-955. Norry, M. J., Truckle, P. H., Lippard, S. J., Hawkesworth, C. J., Weaver, S. D., & Marriner, G. F. (1980). Isotopic and trace element evidence from lavas, bearing on mantle heterogeneity beneath Kenya. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 297(1431), 259-271. doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1980.0214 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
ⓘ Kinyamungu
ⓘ Kuge carbonatite	Onuonga, I. O. (1997). Geochemistry and mineralization of Buru and Kuge volcanic carbonatite centres, western Kenya. PhD thesis University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom).
ⓘ Ruri complex	Berger, Vladimir I., Singer, Donald A., Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. U.S. Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ North Ruri	Sutherland, D.S. (1969). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 24, 114-135.
ⓘ South Ruri	Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0 Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
ⓘ Usaki Ijolite Complex	Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Le Bas, M. J., & Aspden, J. A. (1981). The comparability of carbonatitic fluid inclusions in ijolites with natrocarbonatite lava. Bulletin Volcanologique, 44(3), 429-438. doi.org/10.1007/BF02600574 Le Bas, M. J., & Aspden, J. A. (1981). The comparability of carbonatitic fluid inclusions in ijolites with natrocarbonatite lava. Bulletin Volcanologique, 44(3), 429-438. doi.org/10.1007/BF02600574 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Le Bas, M. J., Aspden, J., & Woolley, A. R. (1977). Contrasting Sodic and Potassie Glassy Inclusions in Apatite Crystals from an Ijolite. Journal of Petrology, 18(2), 247-262. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/18.2.247 Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Le Bas, M. J., Aspden, J., & Woolley, A. R. (1977). Contrasting Sodic and Potassie Glassy Inclusions in Apatite Crystals from an Ijolite. Journal of Petrology, 18(2), 247-262. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/18.2.247 Pulfrey, W. 1950. Ijolitic rocks near Homa Bay, western Kenya. Quaterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 105, 425-459. Pulfrey, W. 1950. Ijolitic rocks near Homa Bay, western Kenya. Quaterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 105, 425-459.
ⓘ Wasaki Peninsula Carbonatites	Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0 Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley. Rankin, A. H. (1975). Fluid inclusion studies in apatite from carbonatites of the Wasaki area of western Kenya. Lithos, 8(2), 123-136. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(75)90020-1 Rankin, A. H. (1975). Fluid inclusion studies in apatite from carbonatites of the Wasaki area of western Kenya. Lithos, 8(2), 123-136. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(75)90020-1 Barber, C. (1974). The geochemistry of carbonatites and related rocks from two carbonatite complexes, south Nyanza, Kenya. Litho, 7(1), 53-63. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(74)90038-3 Barber, C. (1974). The geochemistry of carbonatites and related rocks from two carbonatite complexes, south Nyanza, Kenya. Litho, 7(1), 53-63. doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(74)90038-3
ⓘ Okuge Carbonatite	Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X Kalt, A., Hegner, E., & Satir, M. (1997). Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278(1-4), 31-45. doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(97)00093-0
ⓘ Sokolo Point Carbonatite	Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Kajiado County ⓘ Magadi Volcanic Area	Baker, B. H., Goles, G. G., Leeman, W. P., & Lindstrom, M. M. (1977). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of a basalt-benmoreite-trachyte suite from the southern part of the Gregory Rift, Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 64(3), 303-332. doi.org/10.1007/BF00371759 Baker, B. H., Williams, L. A. J., Miller, J. A., & Fitch, F. J. (1971). Sequence and geochronology of the Kenya rift volcanics. Tectonophysics, 11(3), 191-215. doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(71)90030-8 Saggerson, E. P. (1966). Geology of the Loita hills area. Geological Survey of Kenya (No. 71). Report. Saggerson, E. P., & Williams, L. A. J. (1964). Ngurumanite from southern Kenya and its bearing on the origin of rocks in the northern Tanganyika alkaline district. Journal of Petrology, 5(1), 40-81. doi.org/10.1093/petrology/5.1.40 Baker, B. H. (1963) Geology of the Area South of Magadi. Report 61. Geological Survey of Kenya Baker, B. H. (1958) Geology of the Magadi Area. Report 42. Geological Survey of Kenya
ⓘ Shompole Volcano	Crossley, R. (1979). The Cenozoic stratigraphy and structure of the western part of the Rift Valley in southern Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 136(4), 393-405. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.136.4.0393 Baker, B. H. (1963) Geology of the Area South of Magadi. Report 61. Geological Survey of Kenya Peterson, T.D. 1989. Peralkaline nephelinites. II. Low pressure-fractionation and the hypersodic lavas of Oldoinyo Lengai. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 102, 336-346.
Kericho County ⓘ Buru carbonatite	Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa. The Geological Society of London. Onuonga, I. O., Fallick, A. E., & Bowden, P. (1997). The recognition of meteoric-hydrothermal and supergene processes in volcanic carbonatites, Nyanza Rift, western Kenya, using carbon and oxygen isotopes. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 25(1), 103-113. doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(97)00064-X Deans, T., & Roberts, B. (1984). Carbonatite tuffs and lava clasts of the Tinderet foothills, western Kenya: a study of calcified natrocarbonatites. Journal of the Geological Society, 141(3), 563-580. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.3.0563
Kwale County ⓘ Mrima Hill Mine	Berger, Vladimir I., Singer, Donald A., Orris, Greta J. (2009) Carbonatites of the World, Explored Deposits of Nb and REE—Database and Grade and Tonnage Models . Open-File Report 2009-1139. U.S. Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr20091139
ⓘ Nguluku Vent	Woolley, A. R. (2001). Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world. Part 3: Africa. Geological Society. Natural History Museum, London, p. 139.
Makueni County ⓘ Chyulu Hills	Späth, A., Le Roex, A.P., Opiyo-Akech, N. (2001) Plume–lithosphere interaction and the origin of continental rift-related alkaline volcanism—the Chyulu Hills Volcanic Province, southern Kenya. Journal of Petrology, 42:4, 765-787.
Meru County ⓘ Mount Kenya	Mahaney, W. C. (1989). Glacial advances on Mount kenya in the Middle Holocene: fact or fiction?. In Quaternary and environmental research on East African Mountains (pp. 141-153). Mahaney, W. C. (1989). Glacial advances on Mount kenya in the Middle Holocene: fact or fiction?. In Quaternary and environmental research on East African Mountains (pp. 141-153). Price, R.C., Johnson, R.W., Gray, C.M., and Frey, F.A. (1985) Geochemistry of phonolites and trachytes from the summit region of Mt. Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89, 394–409 Price, R. C., Johnson, R. W., Gray, C. M., & Frey, F. A. (1985). Geochemistry of phonolites and trachytes from the summit region of Mt. Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89(4), 394-409. doi.org/10.1007/BF00381560 Price, R. C., Johnson, R. W., Gray, C. M., & Frey, F. A. (1985). Geochemistry of phonolites and trachytes from the summit region of Mt. Kenya. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89(4), 394-409. doi.org/10.1007/BF00381560 Rock, N.M.S. (1976) The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56, 205–228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 Rock, N.M.S. (1976) The comparative strontium isotopic composition of alkaline rocks: new data from Southern Portugal and East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 56, 205–228. doi.org/10.1007/BF00399605 Baker, B.H., Williams, L.A.J., Miller, J.A., and Fitch, F.J. (1971) Sequence and geochronology of the Kenya rift volcanics. Tectonophysics, 11, 191–215. doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(71)90030-8 Baker, B.H., Williams, L.A.J., Miller, J.A., and Fitch, F.J. (1971) Sequence and geochronology of the Kenya rift volcanics. Tectonophysics, 11, 191–215. doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(71)90030-8 Baker, B.H. (1967) Geology of the Mount Kenya area. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Mines and Geological Department, Report No. 79, 78 pp.
Nandi County ⓘ Tinderet volcano	A. N. Zaitsev, T. Wenzel, T. Vennemann and G. Markl (2013): Tinderet volcano, Kenya: an altered natrocarbonatite locality? Mineralogical Magazine 77, 213-226. Deans, T., & Roberts, B. (1984). Carbonatite tuffs and lava clasts of the Tinderet foothills, western Kenya: a study of calcified natrocarbonatites. Journal of the Geological Society, 141(3), 563-580. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.141.3.0563 King, B. C., Le Bas, M. J., & Sutherland, D. S. (1972). The history of the alkaline volcanoes and intrusive complexes of eastern Uganda and western Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 128(2), 173-205. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.128.2.0173 Baker, B. H., Williams, L. A. J., Miller, J. A., & Fitch, F. J. (1971). Sequence and geochronology of the Kenya rift volcanics. Tectonophysics, 11(3), 191-215. doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(71)90030-8 Le Bas, M. J., & Dixon, J. A. (1965). A new carbonatite in the Legetet hills, Kenya. Nature, 207(4992), 68-68. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/207068a0.pdf Binge, F. W. (1962). Geology of the Kericho Area. Report, Geological Survey of Kenya, 50.
Narok County ⓘ Narok and Mara River Volcanic Area	Wright, J. B. (1967). Geology of the Narok area. Geological Survey of Kenya Report, 80. Williams, L. A. J. (1964). Geology of the Mara river-Sianna area. Report. Geological Survey of Kenya, 66. Shackleton, R. M. (1946). Geology of the Migori gold belt. Geol. Surv. Kenya, 10. http://samsamwater1.s3.amazonaws.com/maps/kenya/geology/Geology+of+the+Migori+Gold+Belt.pdf
Taita-Taveta County ⓘ Voi
Trans-Nzoia County Mount Elgon ⓘ Kitum Cave	Bowell, R. J., Warren, A., & Redmond, I. (1996). Formation of cave salts and utilization by elephants in the Mount Elgon region, Kenya. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113(1), 63-79.
Turkana County ⓘ Silali Volcano	Macdonald, R., Davies, G. R., Upton, B. G. J., Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., & Leat, P. T. (1995). Petrogenesis of Silali volcano, Gregory Rift, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 152(4), 703-720. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.4.0703 Smith, M., Dunkley, P. N., Deino, A., Williams, L. A. J., & McCall, G. J. H. (1995). Geochronology, stratigraphy and structural evolution of Silali volcano, Gregory Rift, Kenya. Journal of the Geological Society, 152(2), 297-310. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.152.2.0297 Dunkley, P. N., Smith, M., Allen, D. J., & Darling, W. G. (1993). The geothermal activity and geology of the northern sector of the Kenya Rift Valley. British Geological Survey, Research Report. International Series SC/93/1. McCall, G. J. H., & Hornung, G. (1972). A geochemical study of Silali volcano, Kenya, with special reference to the origin of the intermediate-acid eruptives of the Central Rift Valley. In Developments in Geotectonics (Vol. 7, pp. 97-113). Elsevier. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41087-0.50016-6

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