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EducationNew glossary entry for "radiation burn"
7th Dec 2019 17:28 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
7th Dec 2019 18:55 UTCJolyon Ralph Founder
I did a quick search on 'google scholar' for radiation burn quartz and have not found any use of it in the way you describe.
Now, as to what the name should be I don't really know. Perhaps there isn't anything better, but I'd like to see what others have to suggest.
7th Dec 2019 20:01 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
We already have the glossary term pleochroic halo which describes the coloured halos or aureoles formed in many micas, chlorites and other minerals, around radioactive inclusions. The term may not be really appropriate as pleochroism refers to colour changes in different orientations, which does not really seem to apply to this effect. A better term is radiohalo, used as a synonym of the above term. A more descriptive term is RICHs: radiation-induced colour halos, but I need to add it.
7th Dec 2019 20:59 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
8th Dec 2019 08:22 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
8th Dec 2019 10:00 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
I suspect, although I've never had an opportunity to test this, that halos in an isotropic host material would be non-pleochroic, unless the radiation damage itself caused some local anisotropy. But I also can't think offhand of an isotropic mineral where I've ever seen halos, even in other ferro-magnesian silicates like garnet that might seem like prime candidates? I suppose for an alternative test, a sample containing a halo-susceptible mineral such as the cordierite in my video could be sectioned so one of the optic axes of the cordierite was perpendicular to the stage, and then searched for halos. If seen, I would guess these halos would be at best minimally pleochroic, or perhaps even entirely non-pleochroic? Or maybe not?
But maybe also, they might not even be seen at all? Apparent from the video is that there is a particular grain orientation where the halos practically disappear; if that orientation just happens to be Y parallel to the lower polarizer (I've never tested this, so I don't know), then one would never see any halos in a cordierite oriented to give a centered optic axis figure (where all rotations would show Y), even if those halos would be abundantly obvious in a different orientation. I'm sure someone must have tried this before... probably back in the 1800s.
I also wonder that the actual pleochroism effect may be less noticeable in a sheet silicate like biotite (compared to cordierite), because I suspect the halos are most readily observed when the cleavages are in the plane of the thin section (in fact, I can't recall seeing halos in biotite grains oriented differently, even in the same samples where other grains do show halos.) In any case, when the cleavage is parallel to the plane of the thin section, this orientation is almost looking straight down the optic axis of a low 2V° mineral like biotite. As speculated above with the cordierite, in a near-isotropic orientation, perhaps pleochroic halos just aren't pleochroic??
In these quartz "radiation burn" centers of "smokiness", I wonder if in a thick enough section, if any of the darkest colored areas would be sufficiently color saturated to actually show a discernible difference from the adjacent colorless quartz, and then furthermore, if any such recognizable color would show pleochroism in appropriately-oriented sections?
8th Dec 2019 20:19 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
7th Dec 2019 21:20 UTCKevin Conroy Manager
7th Dec 2019 23:29 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
Oops, well, it's a term I've heard off and on over the years, and it's used and understood by collectors here in New England (at least here in Maine) to describe dark, smoky spots on white quartz where it has been in contact with radioactive minerals, so I thought it was more universal. If it's an obscure or regional usage, that may be all the more reason to have it in the glossary. I'm happy to edit the entry, putting "burn" in quotes and explaining that it's an informal, figurative vs. literal, non-scientific term. I considered that at first but decided against it in the interest of conciseness (never my long suit!).
As to whether it's a burn or not, medicine defines trauma as injury caused when tissues absorb energy from outside themselves. (I'm a paramedic and ER technician by training.) The vast majority of trauma is due to kinetic energy, but to bring burns inside the trauma tent where they belong, "energy" is broadened to include thermal, chemical, radiation, and electrical energy. By that definition (whether it's relevant here or not I'll leave to the professionals) these spots would constitute burns.
The photo I hoped to include is shown above (specimen 9 cm wide, Consolidated quarry, Georgetown, Maine). Similar material occurs in a number of U-bearing pegmatites in southern Maine. I have also seen specimens from Brazil, and I'm sure they occur elsewhere as well. I see now that I had left a digit out of the photo ID--should be 1017306--so that might explain why I couldn't get it to appear.
8th Dec 2019 00:58 UTCAlfredo Petrov Manager
Googling the terms radiation burn and halo, I find them used in compound form in print by our very own Phil Persson:
Mineralogically, microlite forms small crude to somewhat euhedral octahedral crystals to 1 cm. with a resinous brown to black luster and distinctive radiation ‘burn halo’s’ in the surrounding lepidolite. These crystals are often quite radioactive and may in fact be uranomicrolite.
8th Dec 2019 01:28 UTCClifford Trebilcock
Do a quick search on Mindat under "Quartz with radiation burns" more examples are posted.
Cliff
8th Dec 2019 02:02 UTCKevin Conroy Manager
8th Dec 2019 03:31 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
Thanks, everybody, for your input. Searching as Cliff Trebilcock suggests (using Search located right below Login/Logout: Search For = Photos, Mineral Name = Quartz, and Keyword(s) = "radiation burn") produced 11 photos with features described as radiation burns. Except for three dealer-uploaded specimens from Pakistan, all specimens were from Maine localities and all but one of the remaining uploaders I recognized as being from Maine or nearby. That supports the idea that it's a regional term.
I'll work on revising the entry tomorrow.
8th Dec 2019 08:27 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
8th Dec 2019 09:00 UTCJolyon Ralph Founder
8th Dec 2019 16:40 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
A function of the Mindat glossary should be to help differentiate between rigorously defined scientific terms and informal terms used by collectors and dealers. I can easily imagine someone turning to Mindat to find out what the heck a "radiation burn" is, and we should be able to oblige him/her, as well as pointing out that, by the way, it's an informal term that a real mineralogist is not likely to use in describing the phenomenon.
How about this:
Radiation burn: an informal, non-scientific term for a dark spot (commonly on quartz) caused by gamma* radiation from a minute particle of a radioactive mineral. Over time the radiation disrupts the host mineral's crystal structure in the vicinity of the radioactive particle, affecting the way light passes through it and making it appear dark. In quartz, the process effectively creates a local zone of smoky quartz in otherwise colorless quartz. Because the discoloration remains if the radioactive mineral is removed by weathering or cleaning, a specimen with radiation burns is not necessarily radioactive, although its level of activity should be checked with a Geiger counter.
See also: pleochroic halo; radiation induced color halo (RICH); radiohalo
*Should we specify gamma radiation? The entry for pleochroic halo attributes the damage to alpha decay, and the article referenced under radiation-induced color halo attributes it to beta and gamma radiation. Just leave out the Greek letter and call it "radiation"?
Once we have this settled--speaking of informal, non-scientific terms--who wants to take on "elestial"?
8th Dec 2019 17:12 UTCJolyon Ralph Founder
8th Dec 2019 17:41 UTCChester S. Lemanski, Jr.
8th Dec 2019 18:15 UTCRobert Nowakowski
8th Dec 2019 20:38 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
9th Dec 2019 00:01 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
11th Dec 2019 12:10 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
11th Dec 2019 14:18 UTCMark Andrews
Photo ID: 943214
The reason I am suggesting this photo is because you can actually see the radioactive brannerite needle that is causing the "radiation burn" unlike the two photos currently displayed in the glossary entry.
11th Dec 2019 21:17 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
11th Dec 2019 20:23 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
12th Dec 2019 02:08 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
The preceding brannerite example in particular seems like it could be equally defined as a pleochroic halo (a really big one!) than as a "burn". But to each their own definition.
12th Dec 2019 19:20 UTCUwe Kolitsch Manager
I get an error message (using latest FF):
Video unavailable
12th Dec 2019 19:47 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
12th Dec 2019 19:51 UTCRalph S Bottrill 🌟 Manager
12th Dec 2019 20:46 UTCPaul Brandes 🌟 Manager
Able to see here on FF with no problem.
Uwe, did you get it to work?
13th Dec 2019 15:02 UTCUwe Kolitsch Manager
12th Dec 2019 21:35 UTCEd Clopton 🌟 Expert
13th Dec 2019 01:13 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
But all other crystal systems are permissive to pleochroism. So "pleochroism" in halos would seem to be the rule rather than the exception. It's also possible they were named "pleochroic" halos well before radiation was even a known or well-understood phenomenon?
15th Dec 2019 13:39 UTCNick Gilly
15th Dec 2019 20:02 UTCFrank K. Mazdab 🌟 Manager
Yes, I believe that is the prevailing theory for blue/purple in halite, but above I was referring more specifically to halos around radioactive inclusions, which I wouldn't have typically expected to be present given how halite forms.
But, in wanting to add some color to my answer (heh heh), I ran across an interesting paper where the authors not only did observe haloed and "anti-haloed" inclusions in halite (so the latter a bit like my bleached anti-halos in Norra Kärr fluorite) in some Polish halite, typically of a potassium-bearing (hence K-40 bearing) mineral like sylvite or carnallite, but also observed local optical anisotropy in the halite. While the anisotropy was presumably related to stress, it still made me wonder (and the authors didn't indicate) whether the blue/purple areas that were of lower symmetry were also pleochroic... (salty) food for thought.
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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 9, 2024 13:31:09