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Gemmula

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	11149	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=11149

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Turridae : Gemmula

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Turridae	Swainson 1840
genus	Gemmula	(Weinkauff 1875)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Gemmula	subgenus	belongs to Pleurotoma	stated without evidence	Brown and Pilsbry, 1913
Gemmula	subgenus	belongs to Pleurotoma	stated with evidence	Vredenburg, 1921
Gemmula	subgenus	belongs to Turris	stated without evidence	Mukerjee, 1939
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated without evidence	Durham, 1944
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated with evidence	MacNeil, 1960
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated without evidence	Sohl, 1964
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated with evidence	Olsson, 1964
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated without evidence	Hickman, 1976
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1982
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	implied	Wilson, 1994
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated with evidence	Sysoev, 1996
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Neogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated with evidence	Baluk, 2003
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated without evidence	Scarponi and Della Bella, 2003
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated without evidence	Wienrich and Janssen, 2007
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turrinae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser et al., 2009
Gemmula	genus	belongs to Turridae	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2011

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (6.7%)

First Recorded Appearance

70.6 - 66.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Turridae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Turridae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

W. P. Woodring. 1970. Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae). United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306(D):299-452

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Gemmula (Coroniopsis) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Gemmula (Gemmula) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	121	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	7	11.6 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Gemmula alazana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Gemmula amica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	33.9 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Gemmula bentsonae ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	9	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Gemmula congener ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Gemmula crenulata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	55.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Gemmula cretacea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gemmula diabloensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Gemmula fasteni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Gemmula gajensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Gemmula hindsiana species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Gemmula imitatrix ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	6	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Gemmula machapoorensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	6	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Gemmula macrobia ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Gemmula mekranica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Gemmula mexa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Gemmula monerma ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Gemmula plebeia ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	55.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Gemmula rockcreekensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Gemmula sindiensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Gemmula vaningeni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	31	23.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Gemmula wattsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Hemipleurotoma arenosa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Hemipleurotoma bhagothorensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Hemipleurotoma bonneti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	23.0 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Hemipleurotoma narica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Hemipleurotoma oostinghi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) bellacrenata species	listed (PBDB)
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) calvertensis species	listed (PBDB)
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) choptankensis species	listed (PBDB)
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) humilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) iris ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) juvavica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) kroisbachensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) singuensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) yenanensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Turris (Gemmula) birmanica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	7	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Turris (Gemmula) pakistanica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Turris (Gemmula) soriensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Turris (Gemmula) thyrsus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	5	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1875	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Weinkauff p. 287
1904	Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Martin p. 146
1913	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Brown and Pilsbry p. 505 figs. pl. 22, fig. 4
1921	Pleurotoma (Hemipleurotoma) Vredenburg p. 97
1921	Pleurotoma (Gemmula) Vredenburg p. 102
1931	Eugemmula Iredale
1938	Hemipleurotoma Turner p. 71
1939	Turris (Gemmula) Mukerjee p. 75
1939	Turris (Gemmula) Oinomikado p. 624
1944	Hemipleurotoma Durham p. 181
1944	Gemmula Durham p. 184
1960	Gemmula MacNeil p. 102
1964	Gemmula Olsson p. 92
1964	Gemmula Sohl p. 280

Year	Name and Author
1970	Gemmula Woodring p. 360
1976	Gemmula Hickman p. 82
1982	Gemmula Ladd p. 59
1994	Gemmula Wilson p. 191
1996	Gemmula Sysoev p. 22
1999	Gemmula Squires p. 21
2002	Gemmula Sepkoski, Jr.
2002	Hemipleurotoma Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Gemmula Baluk p. 30
2003	Gemmula Scarponi and Della Bella p. 71
2007	Gemmula Wienrich and Janssen p. 661
2009	Gemmula Harzhauser et al. p. 354
2011	Gemmula Bouchet et al. p. 297

References

Woodring W. P. (1970) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 D, 299-452

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Vredenburg E. (1921) Comparative diagnoses of Pleurotomidae from the Tertiary formations of Burma, Records of the Geological Survey of India 53, 83-129

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Mukerjee P. N. (1939) Fossil fauna from the Tertiary of Garo Hills, Assam, Palaeontologia Indica 28 1, 1-101

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

MacNeil F. S. (1960) Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339, 1-148

Olsson A. A. (1964) , Neogene Mollusks From Northwestern Ecuador

Sohl N. F. (1964) Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 331 B, 153-344

Hickman C. J. (1976) Bathyal gastropods of the family Turridae in the Early Oligocene Keasey Formation in Oregon, with a review of some deep-water genera in the Paleocene of the Eastern Pacific, Bulletins of American Paleontology 70 292, 1-119

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Wilson B. (1994) , Australian Marine Shells 2

Sysoev A. V. (1996) Taxonomic notes on South African deep-sea conoidean gastropods (Gastropoda: Conoidea) described by K. H. Barnard, 1963, The Nautilus 110 1, 22-29

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Baluk W. (2003) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland; Part IV – Turridae, Acta Geological Polonica 53 1, 29-78

Scarponi D., Della Bella G. (2003) Molluschi marini del Plio-Pleistocene dell'Emilia-Romagna e della Toscana, Conoidea, Vol. 1 - Drilliidae e Turridae, Università di Bologna, Museo geologico Giovanni Capellini, 1-89

Wienrich G., Janssen R. (2007) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 4 Gastropoda ab Mitridae, Backhuys Publishers BV Leiden 4, 643-954

Harzhauser M., Euter M., et al (2009) Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83, 333-372

Bouchet P., Kantor Yu. I., et al (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda), Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 3, 273-308 doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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