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Asteroidea

Photos

Photo Gallery

Henricia venturana

Ventura County, California, USA

Petraster richi

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Henricia venturana

Ventura County, California, USA

Petraster richi

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Henricia venturana

Ventura County, California, USA

Petraster richi

Mount Disappointment, City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	31341	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=31341

Rank

class (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Echinodermata : Asteroidea

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ambulacraria
phylum	Echinodermata	Klein 1754
subphylum	Asterozoa	von Zittel 1895
class	Asteroidea	de Blainville 1830

Common Name

sea star

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated with evidence	von Zittel, 1895
Asteroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated with evidence	Schuchert, 1915
Asteroidea	subclass	belongs to Asterozoa	stated without evidence	Owen, 1965
Asteroidea	subclass	belongs to Stelleroidea	stated with evidence	Spencer and Wright, 1966
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated with evidence	Blake, 1989
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Echinodermata	implied	Barnes, 1998
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Echinodermata	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated with evidence	Dean Shackleton, 2005
Asteroidea	class	belongs to Asterozoa	stated without evidence	Blake, 2018

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

1,002

Extant Size (PBDB)

133 (13%)

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 472 Ma
Paleozoic

Environment

marine (based on Echinodermata)

Motility

slow-moving (based on Asteroidea)

Vision

limited (based on Asteroidea)

Diet

carnivore (based on Asteroidea)

Reproduction

dispersal=water,planktonic (based on Echinodermata)

Ontogeny

accretion,addition of parts (based on Echinodermata)

Ecospace Comments

ECOSPACE CODE: 325.

Taphonomy

high Mg calcite (based on Asteroidea)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H.-M. D. de Blainville. 1830. Zoophytes. Dictionnaire de Sciences Naturelles 60:1-546

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Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ambuloasteroidea subclass	listed (PBDB)	899	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	0 Ma Extant
Euasteroidea subclass	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Spinulosacea superorder	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Cryptozonia order	listed (PBDB)	1	345 Ma Carboniferous	0 Ma Extant
Euaxosida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	19	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Hemizonida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	9	439 Ma Silurian	326 Ma Carboniferous
Kermasida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	14	345 Ma Carboniferous	279 Ma Permian
Phanerozoma ✝ order	listed (PBDB)
Phanerozonida order	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Platyasterida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	52	479 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	306 Ma Carboniferous
Pustulosida ✝ order	listed (PBDB)	17	453 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician	290 Ma Permian
Arthrasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Fandasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	354 Ma Carboniferous	354 Ma Carboniferous
Hudsonasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	49	470 Ma Middle Ordovician	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Lepidasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	433 Ma Silurian	431 Ma Silurian
Neopalaeasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	345 Ma Carboniferous	345 Ma Carboniferous
Omanasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	296 Ma Permian	296 Ma Permian
Promopalaeasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	408 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Uranasteridae ✝ family	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eriaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	485 Ma Cambrian	485 Ma Cambrian
Petraster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	427 Ma Silurian
Pleiadeaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	365 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Pleuraster genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	247 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Promopalaeaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	30	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	419 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Protasteracanthion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Trichotaster ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1830	Asteroidea de Blainville
1895	Asteroidea von Zittel
1915	Asteroidea Schuchert p. 51
1965	Asteroidea Owen p. 559
1966	Asteroidea Spencer and Wright p. U42
1989	Asteroidea Blake p. 213

Year	Name and Author
1998	Asteroidea Barnes p. 309
2002	Asteroidea Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Asteroidea Dean Shackleton p. 91
2013	Asteroidea Blake p. 355
2018	Asteroidea Blake p. 29

References

de Blainville H.-M. D. Zoophytes, Dictionnaire de Sciences Naturelles 60, 1-546

von Zittel K. A. , Grundzuge der Palaeontologie, 1-971

Schuchert C. (1915) Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88, 1-311

Spencer W. K., Wright C.W. (1966) Asterozoans, Moore R.C. ed, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, Echinodermata, University of Kansas Press and the Geological Society of America 3 1, U4-U107

Blake D. B. (1989) Asteroidea: functional morphology, classification and phylogeny, In M. Jangoux & J.M. Lawrence (Eds.) Echinoderm studies, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam 3, 179-223

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Dean Shackleton J. (2005) Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3 1, 29-114

Blake D. B. (2013) Early asterozoan (Echinodermata) diversification: a paleontologic quandary, Journal of Paleontology 87 3, 353-372

Blake D. B. (2018) Toward a History of the Paleozoic Asteroidea (Echinodermata), Bulletins of American Paleontology 394, 1-96

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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