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Pelobates

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	37453	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37453

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Pelobatidae : Pelobates

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Temnospondyli
-	Lissamphibia
-	Batrachia
order	Salientia	Laurenti 1768
order	Anura
superfamily	Pelobatoidea	Laurent 1979
family	Pelobatidae	Lataste 1879
genus	Pelobates	Wagler 1830

Common Name

spadefoot toad

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	stated with evidence	Henrici, 1994
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	stated without evidence	Frank and Ramus, 1996
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatinae	stated without evidence	Sanchiz, 1998
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	stated with evidence	Gissi et al., 2006
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	implied	Böhme, 2008
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	stated with evidence	Henrici, 2009
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Pelobatidae	implied	Böhme, 2010
Pelobates	genus	belongs to Acosmanura	stated without evidence	Baez, 2013

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

5 (83%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Temnospondyli)

Diet

carnivore (based on Temnospondyli)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pelobates cultripes species	listed (PBDB)		7	8.70 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Pelobates fahlbuschi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Pelobates fuscus species	listed (PBDB)	Common Eurasian Spadefoot Toad	21	4.20 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Pelobates syriacus species	listed (PBDB)	Syrian Spadefoot Toad	2	3.20 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Pelobates varaldii species	listed (PBDB)	Moroccan Spadefoot Toad			0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1830	Pelobates Wagler
1988	Pelobates Carroll
1994	Pelobates Henrici
1996	Pelobates Frank and Ramus
1998	Pelobates Sanchiz
2006	Pelobates Gissi et al. p. 231

Year	Name and Author
2008	Pelobates Böhme p. 167
2008	Pelobates Venczel and Stiuca p. 745 fig. 9
2009	Pelobates Henrici p. 280
2010	Pelobates Böhme p. 17
2013	Pelobates Baez

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Henrici A.C. (1994) Tephrodytes brassicarvalis, new genus and species (Anura: Pelodytidae), from the Arikareean Cabbage Patch beds of Montana, USA, and pelodytid-pelobatid relationships, Annals of Carnegie Museum 63 2, 155-183

Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377

Sanchiz B. (1998) Salientia, Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie 4

Gissi C., San Mauro D., et al (2006) Mitochondrial phylogeny of Anura (Amphibia): a case study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters, Gene 366 2, 228-237

Böhme M. (2008) Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 260, 161-183

Venczel M., Stiuca E. (2008) Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania, Geodiversitas 30 4, 731-763

Henrici A. C. (2009) Reassessment of Scaphiopus neuter Kluge, 1966 (Anura: Pelobatoidea: Pelobatidae), based on new material from Anceney, Montana (early Barstovian), Annals of Carnegie Museum 78 3, 273-287

Böhme M. (2010) Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84 1, 3-41 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4

Baez A. M. (2013) Anurans from the Early Cretaceous Lagerstätte of Las Hoyas, Spain: New evidence on the Mesozoic diversification of crown-clade Anura, Cretaceous Research 41, 90-106 doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.11.002

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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