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Scarabaeinae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	70043	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=70043

Rank

subfamily (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
-	Cercofilata	Kukalová-Peck 1987
class	Insecta	Linnaeus 1758
-	Dicondylia
-	Paranotalia	Sroka et al. 2014
subclass	Pterygota	Brauer 1885
-	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
-	Holometabola
-	Aparaglossata
-	Coleopterida	Kukalová-Peck and Lawrence 2004
order	Coleoptera	Linnaeus 1758
suborder	Polyphaga	Emery 1886
infraorder	Scarabaeiformia	Crowson 1960
superfamily	Scarabaeoidea	Latreille 1802
family	Scarabaeidae	Latreille 1802
subfamily	Scarabaeinae	Latreille 1802

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Scarabaeinae	subfamily	belongs to Scarabaeidae	stated without evidence	Lawrence and Newton, 1995
Scarabaeinae	subfamily	belongs to Scarabaeidae	stated with evidence	Krell, 2000

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

31 (57%)

First Recorded Appearance

66.0 - 59.2 Ma
Paleocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Insecta)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Arthropoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Insecta)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. A. Latreille. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Ateuchini tribe	listed (PBDB)	2	55.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Coprini tribe	listed (PBDB)	11	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Gymnopleurini tribe	listed (PBDB)	2	12.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Oniticellini tribe	listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Onitini tribe	listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Onthophagini tribe	listed (PBDB)	33	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Phanaeini tribe	listed (PBDB)	3	1.80 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Scarabaeini tribe	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Anachalcos genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Canthochilum genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Heliocopris genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Metacatharsius genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1802	Scarabaeinae Latreille p. 144
1870	Elytridium rugulosum Heer p. 78 figs. Pl 16, figs 36,37
1977	Onthophagus rugulosus Birket-Smith p. 25 fig. 11
1995	Scarabaeinae Lawrence and Newton, Jr.
2000	Scarabaeinae Krell p. 879
2003	Scarabaeinae Wappler
2007	Scarabaeinae Nikolajev p. 130
2010	Onthophagus spitsbergeniensis Krell
2011	Scarabaeinae Bouchard et al. p. 242
2016	Scarabaeinae Tarasov et al. p. 7

References

Latreille P. A. , Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes, Tome Troisième, 1-467

Heer O. Die Miocene flora und fauna Spitzbergens, Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 8 7, 1-98

Birket-Smith S. J. R. (1977) Fossil insects from Spitsbergen, Acta Arctica 19, 1-42

Lawrence J. F., Newton, Jr. A. F. (1995) Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera, Biology, Phylogeny and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A Crowson, 779-1006

Krell F. T. (2000) The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga), Invertebrate Taxonomy 14, 871-905

Wappler T. (2003) Die Insekten aus dem Mittel-Eozän des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel, Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 27, 1-234

Nikolajev G. V. (2007) , Mezozoyskiy Etap Evolyutsii Plastinchatousykh (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), 1-222

Bouchard P., Bousquet Y., et al (2011) Family-group names in Coleoptera (Insecta), ZooKeys 88, 1-972

Tarasov S., Vaz-de-Mello F. Z., et al (2016) A review and phylogeny of Scarabaeine dung beetle fossils (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with the description of two Canthochilum species from Dominican amber, PeerJ 4 e1988, 1-35

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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