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Squalidae

Photos

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	81027	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=81027

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plagiostomi : Squalidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
order	Plagiostomi
family	Squalidae	Bonaparte 1834

Common Name

dogfish shark

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Squalidae	family	belongs to Plagiostomi	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Squalidae	family	belongs to Squaloidei	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Squalidae	family	belongs to Squaliformes	stated without evidence	Cassier, 1966

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

10 (25%)

First Recorded Appearance

209 - 201 Ma
Mesozoic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Chondrichthyes)

Diet

carnivore (based on Chondrichthyes)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. K. Bigelow. 1994. Occurrence of a squaloid shark (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) with the pinniped Allodesmus from the Upper Miocene of Washington. Journal of Paleontology 68(3):680-684

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Dalatiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	22	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Squalinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	1	13.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Acanthias genus	listed (PBDB)	4	28.1 Ma Oligocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Acanthidium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Acanthorhinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Atractophorus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Centrophoroides ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	14	83.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Centroscyllium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Entoxychirus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Lepidorhinus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Machephilus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Megasqualus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	2	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Nasisqualus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Paracentroscyllium ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Protosqualus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	6	113 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	70.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Scymnodon genus	listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Spinax ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	3	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Squalus genus	listed (PBDB)	76	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Trigonognathus genus	listed (PBDB)	2	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Zameus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1834	Squalidae Bonaparte
1873	Squalidae Leidy p. 351
1963	Squalidae Jordan p. 601
1966	Squalidae Cassier p. 62
1983	Squalidae Bendix-Almgreen p. 2
1992	Squalidae Long p. 15
1993	Squalidae Biddle p. 198

Year	Name and Author
1993	Squalidae Cvancara and Hoganson p. 3
1994	Squalidae Bigelow p. 680
2001	Squalidae Purdy et al. p. 87
2003	Squalidae Kriwet p. 592
2006	Squalidae Underwood p. 234
2008	Squalidae Adnet et al. p. 713
2018	Squalidae Kent p. 59

References

Bigelow P. K. (1994) Occurrence of a squaloid shark (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) with the pinniped Allodesmus from the Upper Miocene of Washington, Journal of Paleontology 68 3, 680-684

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496

Bendix-Almgreen S. E. (1983) Carcharodon megalodon from the Upper Miocene of Denmark, with comments on elasmobranch tooth enameloid: coronoi'n, Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 32, 1-32

Long D. J. (1992) Sharks from the La Meseta Formation (Eocene), Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 1, 11-32

Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240

Cvancara A. M., Hoganson J. W. (1993) Vertebrates of the Cannonball Formation (Paleocene) in North and South Dakota, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13 1, 1-23

Purdy R. W., Schneider V. P., et al (2001) The Neogene sharks, rays, and bony fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 71-202

Kriwet J. (2003) Neoselachian remains (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Middle Jurassic of SW Germany and NW Poland, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 4, 583-594

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Adnet S., Capetta H., et al (2008) Re-evaluation of squaloid shark records from the Albian and Cenomanian of Lithuania, Cretaceous Research 29 4, 711-722

Kent B. W. (2018) The Cartilaginous Fishes (Chimaeras, Sharks, and Rays) of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 100, 45-160

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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