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Oecophylla

Description

Weaver ants or green ants (genus Oecophylla) are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae (order Hymenoptera). Weaver ants live in trees (they are obligately arboreal) and are known for their unique nest building behaviour where workers construct nests by weaving together leaves using larval silk. Colonies can be extremely large consisting of more than a hundred nests spanning numerous trees and containing more than half a million workers. Like many other ant species, weaver ants prey on small insects and supplement their diet with carbohydrate-rich honeydew excreted by small insects (Hemiptera). Weaver ant workers exhibit a clear bimodal size distribution, with almost no overlap between the size of the minor and major workers. The major workers are approximately 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) in length and the minors approximately half the length of the majors. Major workers forage, defend, maintain, and expand the colony whereas minor workers tend to stay within the nests where they care for the brood and 'milk' scale insects in or close to the nests.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)1317383https://www.gbif.org/species/1317383
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)72036https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=72036
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Oecophylla
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Formicidae : Oecophylla
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-Bilateria
-EubilateriaAx 1987
-ProtostomiaGrobben 1908
-Ecdysozoa
-Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
subphylumMandibulata
-Pancrustacea
superclassHexapodaLatreille 1825
-CercofilataKukalová-Peck 1987
classInsectaLinnaeus 1758
-Dicondylia
-ParanotaliaSroka et al. 2014
subclassPterygotaBrauer 1885
-NeopterygotaCrampton 1924
infraclassNeopteraMartynov 1923
-Holometabola
orderHymenopteraLinnaeus 1758
-UnicalcaridaSchulmeister et al. 2002
suborderVespina
suborderApocritaGerstaecker 1867
-Aculeata
superfamilyVespoideaLatreille 1802
familyFormicidaeLatreille 1802
subfamilyFormicinaeLatreille 1802
tribeOecophylliniEmery 1895
genusOecophyllaSmith 1860
Common Nameweaver ant
Scientific NameOecophylla Smith, 1860
Name Published InJ. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 5, 1861
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Oecophyllinistated with evidenceWheeler, 1915
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Solenopsidinistated with evidenceZhang, 1989
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Formicidaestated without evidenceCarpenter, 1992
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Oecophyllinistated with evidenceBolton, 2003
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Formicinaestated with evidenceDlussky et al., 2008
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Oecophyllinistated with evidenceBolton, 2012
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Formicinaestated without evidenceDlussky and Perfilieva, 2014
Oecophyllagenusbelongs to Oecophyllinistated with evidenceWard et al., 2016
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)17
Extant Size (PBDB)3 (18%)
First Recorded Appearance48.6 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Insecta)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Arthropoda)
Taphonomychitin (based on Insecta)
Primary Reference (PBDB)J. F. Zhang. 1989. Fossil Insects From Shanwang, Shandong, China
Common Name(s) Weaver Ant
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecophylla

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Oecophylla atava
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Oecophylla atavina
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
238.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla bartoniana
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla brevinodis
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Oecophylla brischkei
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
638.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla crassinoda
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla eckfeldiana
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
448.6 Ma
Eocene
48.6 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla grandimandibula
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
18.70 Ma
Miocene
8.70 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla leakeyi
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
120.4 Ma
Miocene
20.4 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla longiceps
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
148.6 Ma
Eocene
48.6 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla longinoda
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Oecophylla megarche
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
438.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
Oecophylla obesa
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
1137.2 Ma
Eocene
12.7 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla perdita
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Oecophylla praeclara
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
133.9 Ma
Oligocene
33.9 Ma
Oligocene
Oecophylla sicula
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
111.6 Ma
Miocene
11.6 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla smaragdina
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
10.01 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Oecophylla superba
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
133.9 Ma
Oligocene
33.9 Ma
Oligocene
Oecophylla taurica
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Oecophylla virescens
species
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1860Oecophylla Smith p. 101
1915Oecophylla Wheeler
1989Oecophylla Zhang p. 296
1992Oecophylla Carpenter
2003Oecophylla Bolton p. 25
2008Oecophylla Dlussky et al. p. 617
2012Oecophylla Bolton
2014Oecophylla Dlussky and Perfilieva p. 423
2016Oecophylla Ward et al. p. 348

References

Zhang J. F. (1989) , Fossil Insects From Shanwang, Shandong, China, 1-459
Wheeler W. M. (1915) The Ants of the Baltic Amber, Schriften der Physikalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55, 1-142
Carpenter F. M. (1992) , Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part R, Arthropoda 4: Superclass Hexapoda 3/4, 1-655
Bolton B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae, Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71, 1-370
Dlussky G. M., Wappler T., et al (2008) New midle Eocene formicid species from Germany and the evolution of weaver ants, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 4, 615-626
Bolton B. (2012) , Catalogue of Ants of the World
Dlussky G. M., Perfilieva K. S. (2014) Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK, Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104
Ward P. S., Blaimer B. B., et al (2016) A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex, Zootaxa 4072, 343-357
CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 5, 1861 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
AntWeb (2014) Antweb. Available from http://www.antweb.org - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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