Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Cancer

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2204488	https://www.gbif.org/species/2204488
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	22355	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=22355

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Cancridae : Cancer

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Ecdysozoa
-	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
subphylum	Mandibulata
-	Pancrustacea
subphylum	Crustacea	Brünnich 1772
class	Malacostraca	Latreille 1802
superorder	Eucarida	Calman 1904
order	Decapoda	Latreille 1802
-	Meiura	Saint Laurent 1980
infraorder	Brachyura	Latreille 1802
-	Eubrachyura	de Saint Laurent 1980
-	Heterotremata	Guinot 1977
superfamily	Cancroidea	Latreille 1802
family	Cancridae	Latreille 1802
subfamily	Cancrinae	Latreille 1802
genus	Cancer	Linnæus 1758

Common Name

lobster

Scientific Name

Cancer Linnaeus, 1758

Name Published In

Linnæus, Carolus. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. Tomus I, Editio decima, reformata: i-ii, 1-824.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cancer	genus	belongs to Aptera	stated with evidence	Linnaeus, 1758
Cancer	genus	belongs to Insecta	stated with evidence	Geoffroy, 1762
Cancer	genus	belongs to Pedestria	stated with evidence	Scopoli, 1763
Cancer	genus	belongs to Aptera	stated with evidence	Müller, 1764
Cancer	genus	belongs to Agonata	stated with evidence	Fabricius, 1775
Cancer	genus	belongs to Aptera	stated with evidence	Müller, 1776
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancridae	stated without evidence	Rathbun, 1926
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancrinae	stated without evidence	Berglund and Goedert, 1992
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancridae	stated without evidence	Karasawa, 1993
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancrinae	stated without evidence	Berglund and Goedert, 1996
Cancer	genus	belongs to Decapoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancrinae	stated with evidence	Schweitzer et al., 2010
Cancer	genus	belongs to Cancrinae	stated without evidence	Luque et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

12 (21%)

First Recorded Appearance

101 - 94 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Malacostraca)

Vision

well-developed (based on Malacostraca)

Diet

carnivore (based on Decapoda)

Taphonomy

chitin (based on Malacostraca)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Common Name(s)

Lobster, モンハナシャコ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cancer (Cancer) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Cancer allisoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer amphioetus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Cancer anthonyi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer araucanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer arctus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer armiger species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer arnoldorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer asper species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer bainbridgensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Cancer barffi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer bellanius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer bellianus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cancer bispinosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer boeckhi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer borealis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cancer boreas species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer branneri ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer brewerii ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer burtini ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer carniolica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer caroli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer cassivelaunus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer chaneyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer clibanarius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer coosensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer danai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer davidi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Cancer derki species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer deshayesii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer dormia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer dromia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer durhami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer emeritus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer fissus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Cancer fujinaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cancer gabbi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	56.0 Ma Paleocene	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Cancer gammarus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer garthi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer gracilis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer granti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Cancer hassoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer hexapus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer histriae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer histrianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer histrio species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer illyricus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer irroratus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cancer istrianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer jenniferae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer johngarthi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cancer jordani ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer koehler species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer laevis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer lapideus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer locusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer longicornis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer longipes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer luzonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer macrocheilus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer macrochelus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer macrodactylus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer maculatus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer magister ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer maja species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer mantis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer marri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer megistos species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer menestho species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer meticurensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer meticuriensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer miliaris species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer modestus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer niger species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer nodulosus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer noxius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer occultus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer oculatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer pagurus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Cancer parvidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	20.4 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Cancer pedatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer pediculoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer pelagicus species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cancer platycheles species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer plebejus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer polyodon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer porteri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cancer portunoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer proavitus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Cancer productus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cancer punctulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer puru species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer quadratus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer quadrilobatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer raninus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Cancer reversus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer saltator species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer santosi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer scyllarus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer sedentarius species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer solitarius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer spinosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer strigosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Cancer styriacus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Cancer subterraea ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Cancer symmysta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer theresae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer tibicen species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer tomowoi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Cancer urbanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer ursusmajor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer ursusminor species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer vancalsteri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Cancer villabersiani ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer volvoides species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer wahkiakumensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cancer whitfieldi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cancer yanceyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Platycarcinus H.Milne Edwards, 1834	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Cancridae : *Platycarcinus*
Platycarcinos Bell, 1835	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Arthropoda : Malacostraca : Decapoda : Cancridae : *Platycarcinos*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Cancer Linnaeus p. 625
1761	Cancer Linnaeus p. 492
1762	Cancer Geoffroy p. 661
1763	Cancer Scopoli p. 405
1764	Cancer Müller p. 95
1766	Cancer Schaeffer
1767	Cancer Linnaeus p. 1038
1775	Cancer Fabricius p. 400
1776	Cancer Müller p. 195
1851	Cancer Dana p. 124
1926	Cancer Rathbun p. 59
1960	Cancer Glaessner p. 20

Year	Name and Author
1984	Cancer Müller p. 75
1990	Cancer Karasawa p. 5
1992	Cancer Berglund and Goedert p. 5
1992	Cancer Feldmann and Keys p. 10
1993	Cancer Karasawa p. 49
1996	Cancer Berglund and Goedert p. 830
2000	Cancer Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 226
2002	Cancer Schweitzer and Feldmann p. 961
2002	Cancer Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Cancer Fraaije et al. p. 102
2010	Cancer Schweitzer et al.
2017	Cancer Luque et al. p. 23

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Linnaeus C. , Fauna Svecica: Sistens Animalia Sveciae Regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, Distributa per Classes & Ordines, Genera & Species, cum Differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum, 1-578

Geoffroy E. L. , Histoire Abregée des Insectes qui se Trouvent aux Environs de Paris, Tome Second, 1-690

Scopoli G. A. , Entomologica Carniolica Exhibens Insecta Carnioliae Indigena et Distributa in Ordines, Genera, Species, Varietates Methodo Linnaeana, 1-421

Müller O. F. , Fauna Insectorum Fridrichsdalina, Sive Methodica Descriptio Insectorum Agri Fridrichsdalensis, cum Characteribus Genericis et Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Locis Natalibus, Iconibus Allegatis, Novisque Pluribus Speciebus Additis, 1-96

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Duodecima 1 2, 533-1327

Fabricius J. C. , Systema Entomologiae, Sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus, 1-832

Müller O. F. , Zoologicae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum. Characteres, Nomina et Synonyma Imprimis Popularium, 1-281

Rathbun M. J. (1926) The Fossil Stalk-Eyed Crustacea of the Pacific Slope of North America, United States National Museum Bulletin 138, 1-155

Glaessner M. F. (1960) The fossil decapod Crustacea of New Zealand and the evolution of the Order Decapoda, New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 31, 1-79

Berglund R. E., Goedert J. L. (1992) A new species of Cancer (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Miocene Astoria Formation in Washington, Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History 9, 1-11

Feldmann R. M., Keys I. W. (1992) Systematic and stratigraphic review with catalogue and locality index of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic decapod Crustacea of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Record 45, 1-73

Karasawa H. (1993) Cenozoic Decapod Crustacea from Southwest Japan, Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 20, 1-92

Berglund R. E., Goedert J. L. (1996) A new crab (Brachyura: Cancridae) from lower Miocene rocks of the Northwestern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Journal of Paleontology 70 5, 830-835

Schweitzer C. E., Feldmann R. M. (2000) Re-evaluation of the Cancridae Latreille, 1902 (Decapoda: Brachyura) including three new genera and three new species, Contributions to Zoology 69 4, 223-250

Schweitzer C. E., Feldmann R. M. (2002) New Eocene decapods (Thalassinidea and Brachyura) from Southern California, Journal of Crustacean Biology 22, 938-967

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Fraaije R. H. B., van Bakel B. W. M., et al (2003) Piacenzian (Pliocene) decapod crustacean faunules from northwest Belgium, Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museus 30, 97-108

Schweitzer C. E., Feldmann R. M., et al (2010) Systematic list of fossil decapod crustacean species, Crustaceana Monographs 10, 1-222

Luque J., Schweitzer C. E., et al (2017) Checklist of fossil decapod crustaceans from tropical America. Part I: Anomura and Brachyura, Nauplius 25, e2017025 doi:10.1590/2358-2936e2017025

Türkay, M. (2001). Decapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 284-292 - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Dai, Ai-yun, and Yang Si-liang, 1991: null. Crabs of the China Seas. 682. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Adema, J.P.H.M. (1991). De krabben van Nederland en Belgie (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) [The crabs of the Netherlands and Belgium (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)]. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum: Leiden, The Netherlands. ISBN 90-73239-02-8. 244 pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D., Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y., Crandall, K.A., Dworschak, P.C., Felder, D.L., Feldmann, R.M., Fransen, C.H.J.M., Goulding, L.Y.D., Lemaitre, R., Low, M.E.Y., Martin, J.W., Ng, P.K.L., Schweitzer, C.E., Tan, S.H., Tshudy, D. & Wetzer, R. (2009). A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. supplement 21: 1-109. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS Editorial Board (2019) World Register of Marine Species - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Ingle, R.W. (1983) - via Taxa Watermanagement the Netherlands (TWN)

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 104 57 generic names placed in the Official List.Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 73(5), 25-28 (1928) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Anna Karlsson (Decapoda) (2004) [Titel saknas] - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10th edition. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Ng et al., 2008 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Abele & Felgenhauer, 1982 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop External Images Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 26, 2024 10:10:56

Go to top of page