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Scalopus ✝

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Description

The eastern mole or common mole (Scalopus aquaticus) is a medium-sized, overall grey North American mole and the only member of the genus Scalopus. Its large, hairless, spade-shaped forefeet are adapted for digging. The species is native to Canada (Ontario), Mexico, and the eastern United States, and has the widest range of any North American mole.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalopus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2436229	https://www.gbif.org/species/2436229
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	40409	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40409

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : Scalopus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lipotyphla : Talpidae : Scalopus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
order	Lipotyphla	Haeckel 1866
family	Talpidae
genus	Scalopus	E.Geoffroy 1803

Scientific Name

Scalopus E.Geoffroy, 1803

Name Published In

Cat. mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.77

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hesperoscalops	genus	belongs to Talpidae	stated without evidence	Hibbard, 1941
Hesperoscalops	genus	subjective synonym of Scalopus	stated without evidence	Van Valen, 1967
Hesperoscalops	genus	belongs to Talpidae	stated without evidence	Tedford et al., 1987
Hesperoscalops	genus	belongs to Talpidae	implied	Carroll, 1988

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

10.3 - 4.9 Ma
Neogene

Last Recorded Appearance

4.90 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Talpidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. W. Hibbard. 1941. New Mammals from the Rexroad Fauna, Upper Pliocene of Kansas. American Midland Naturalist 26(2):337-368

Common Name(s)

Eastern Moles

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalopus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hesperoscalops blancoensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Scalopus mcgrewi ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Hesperoscalops rexroadi ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Scalopus ruficervus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	10.3 Ma Miocene	10.3 Ma Miocene
Hesperoscalops sewardensis ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Scalopus aquaticus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eastern Mole	51	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Hesperoscalops Hibbard, 1941	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Hesperoscalops*
Scalpos Brooks, 1910	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Scalpos*
Scalops Cuvier, 1800	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Scalops*
Talpasorex Lesson, 1827	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Talpasorex*
Scalops Illiger, 1811	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Scalops*
Scalops Desmarest, 1804	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Scalops*
Talpisorex Agassiz, 1846	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Soricomorpha : Talpidae : *Talpisorex*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1941	Hesperoscalops Hibbard
1987	Hesperoscalops Tedford et al.
1988	Hesperoscalops Carroll

References

Hibbard C. W. (1941) New Mammals from the Rexroad Fauna, Upper Pliocene of Kansas, American Midland Naturalist 26 2, 337-368

Tedford R. H., Galusha T., et al (1987) Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs) in North America, Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Geochronology and Biostratigraphy, 153-210

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Cat. Mamm. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 1992: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing. xviii + 1207. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Grubb, Peter, 2001: Case 3022: Catalogue des mammifères du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1803): proposed placement on the Official List of Works Approved as Available for Zoological Nomenclature. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, vol. 58, part 1. 41-52. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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