| Description | The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best-known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. These birds are dark brown, with lighter golden-brown plumage on their napes. Immature eagles of this species typically have white on the tail and often have white markings on the wings. Golden eagles use their agility and speed combined with powerful feet and massive, sharp talons to snatch up a variety of prey, mainly hares, rabbits, and marmots and other ground squirrels.
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| Source Data | |
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| Rank | species |
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| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Aquila : Aquila chrysaetos |
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| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae : Aquila : Aquila chrysaetos |
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| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
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Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
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| Generic Name | Aquila |
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| Common Name | golden eagle |
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| Scientific Name | Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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| Name Published In | Syst. Nat. ed. 10 p. 88 |
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| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
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| Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Falco | stated without evidence | Linnaeus, 1758 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated without evidence | Hay, 1902 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated with evidence | Boule and De Villeneuve, 1927 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated without evidence | Parmalee, 1958 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated with evidence | Howard, 1969 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated without evidence | Zelenkov et al., 2008 | | Aquila chrysaetos | species | belongs to Aquila | stated with evidence | Clements et al., 2017 |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant |
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| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 2 |
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| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (50%) |
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| First Recorded Appearance | 3.20 - 2.59 Ma
Cenozoic |
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| Environment | terrestrial (based on Accipitridae) |
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| Motility | actively mobile (based on Theropoda) |
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| Diet | carnivore (based on Accipitridae) |
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| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda) |
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| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda) |
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| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda) |
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| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824 |
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| Common Name(s) | Golden Eagle, Kongeørn, Steinadler, Acvila De Munte, Aquila Reale, Eryr Euraid, Iolar Fíréan, Kaya Kartali, Kaya Kartalı, Kilnusis Erelis, Kungsörn, Orzeł Przedni, Planinski Orel, Shqipja E Malit (shkypja, Shqiponja E Malit, Shqypja), Steenarend, águila Real, Χρυσαετός, Беркут, Скален орел, беркут, עיט זהב, עיט סלעים )עיט זהוב( *, Aigle Royal, Águila Real, Kaljukotkas E. Maakotkas, Klinšu ērglis, Maakotka, Orel Skalní, Orol Skalný, Szirti Sas, àguila Daurada, águia-real, イヌワシ, 金雕, 金鵰, Aguila Real, Kotka, Klinšu Erglis, Orzel Przedni, Águia-real, Aguia Real, Arrano Beltza, Águila Daurada, Gullörn, Kongaørn |
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| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquila_chrysaetos |
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| Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542 |
| Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868 |
| Boule M., De Villeneuve L. (1927) La grotte de l'Observatoire à Monaco, Archives de l'Institut de Paléontologie Humaine Mémoire 1, 1-113 |
| Howard H. (1955) Fossil birds from Manix Lake, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 264-J, 199-205 |
| Parmalee P. W. (1958) Remains of rare and extinct birds from Illinois Indian sites, The Auk 75, 169-176 |
| Howard H. (1963) Fossil birds from the Anza-Borrego Desert, Contributions in Science 73, 1-33 |
| Howard H. (1969) Avian fossils from three Pleistocene sites in central Mexico, Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 172, 1-11 |
| Weesie P. D. M. (1988) The Quaternary avifauna of Crete, Greece, Palaeovertebrata 18, 1-94 |
| Bedetti C., Pavia M. (2007) Reinterpretation of the late Pleistocene Ingarano cave deposit based on the fossil bird associations (Apulia, south-eastern Italy), Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 113, 487-507 |
| Zelenkov N. V., Kurochkin E. N., et al (2008) Birds of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene from the Palaeolithic Djuktai cave site of Yakutia, eastern Siberia, Oryctos 7, 217-226 |
| Steadman D. W., Mead J. I. (2010) A late Pleistocene Bird community at the northern edge of\r\nthe tropics in Sonora, Mexico, The American Midland Naturalist 163, 423-441 |
| Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017 |
| Carrera L., Pavia M., et al (2018) Late Pleistocene fossil birds from Buso Doppio del Broion Cave (North-Eastern Italy): implications for palaeoecology, palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate, Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 57, 145-174 |
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| Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
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| ARROYO, B. (2000): I Censo Regional de Águila real. Año 2000. Informe inédito. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Junta de Castilla y León...ARROYO, B. (2003): Águila real (Aquila chrysaetos). Atlas de las Aves Reproductoras de España. DGCN-SEO/BirdLife. Madrid...ARROYO, B. (2004): Águila real (Aquila chrysaetos). Libro Rojo de las Aves de España. DGCN-SEO/BirdLife. Madrid...ARROYO, B., E. FERREIRO y V. GARZA (1990): El águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) en España. Censo, distribución, reproducción y conservación. ICONA. Madrid...BENEYTO, A.;BORAU,A., CANUT, J.; EXPOSITO, C.; GARCIA-FERRE, D.; JIMENEZ, X.; PARELLADA, X. y M. ROBERT(2004), Aguila daurada Aquila crhysaetos. In: Estrada, Pedrochi, Brotons y Herrando (eds.) Atles dels ocells nidificants de Catalunya 1999-2002- ICO/Lynx Ed. Barcelona...BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL/ EUROPEAN BIRDS CENSUS COUNCIL (2000): European birds populations: estimates and trends. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. (BirdLife Conservation Series nº 10)...BROWN, L.H. y D. AMADON (1968): Eagles, hawks and falcons of the World. Country Life Books. Londres...DELIBES, M., J. CALDERÓN y F. HIRALDO (1975): Selección de presa y alimentación en España del águila real. Ardeola, 21: 285-303...FERNÁNDEZ, C. (1993): Sélection des falaises pour la nidification chez l´aigle royal. Alauda, 61: 105-110...FERNÁNDEZ, C. (1993): Effect of the viral haemorragic pneumonia of the wild rabbit on the diet and breeding success of the golden eagle. Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie), 48: 323-329...FERNÁNDEZ, C. y J. A. INSAUSTI (1990): Golden eagles take up territories abandoned by Bonelli´s eagles in Northern Spain. L. Raptor Res., 24: 124-125...FERREIRO, E., GARCIAZÁBAL, A. & ARROYO, B. (2001): Censo y seguimiento de la reproducción del Águila real en la Comunidad de Madrid. Informe inédito. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Comunidad de Madrid...GONZÁLEZ-QUIRÓS, P. (2000): Actualización de datos sobre la población de Águila real en Asturias y Plan de Conservación del Águila real. Año 2000. Informe inédito. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Principado de Asturias...MÁÑEZ, M. (2001): Aguila real, p.127-128, in: Libro Rojo de los Vertebrados Amenazados de Andalucía. Consejería de Medio Ambiente. Junta de Andalucía. 336 pp...MARQUISS, M., D.A. RATCLIFFE y R. ROXBURG (1985):The numbers, breeding success and diet of golden eagles in Southern Scotland in relation to changes in land use. Biol. Conserv., 34: 121-140...MOLEÓN, M., GIL-SÁNCHEZ, J.M., BAUTISTA, J. Y M. OTERO (2002): El águila real (Aquila chrysaetos) en la provincia de Granada (SE de España): censo, reproducción y conservación. Acta Granatense, 1...OLENDORFF, R.R., A.D. MILLER y R.N. LEHMAN (1981): Suggested practices for raptor protection on power lines: the state of the art in 1981. Raptor Research Report, 4...RICO, L. et al. (1999): Tendencias recientes del Águila real Aquila chrysaetos y el Águila-azor perdicera Hiraaetus fasciatus en la provincia de Valencia. Ardeola, 46: 235-238...SÁNCHEZ-ZAPATA et al. (1995): Ecología de las aves de presa en la región de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Murcia. Murcia...SOUTULLO. A., V. URIOS y M. FERRER (2006): How far away in an hour? - daily movements of juvenile Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) tracked with satellite telemetry. Journal of Ornithology 147(1): 69-72...SOUTULLO. A., V. URIOS, M. FERRER y S. G. PEÑARRUBIA (2006): Post-fledging behaviour in Golden Eagles: onset of the juvenile dispersal and progressive distancing from the nest. Ibis 148 (2): 000-000...SOUTULLO. A., V. URIOS, M. FERRER & S. G. PEÑARRUBIA. Dispersal of Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos during their first year of life. Bird Study (en prensa)...PEÑARRUBIA, S., URIOS, V., FERRER, M. y A. SOUTULLO, A. Satellite tracking of juvenile Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Raptor Research (en revisión)...TJERNBERG, M. (1983): Breeding ecology of the Golden Eagle in Sweden. Det. Of Wildlife Ecology. Report 10. Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences...WALKER, F.G. (1987): Observations on the post-fleeding of the golden eagle in England. Ibis, 129: 92-96. - via Inventario Nacional Biodiversidad Especies amenazadas (España) |
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Aquila chrysaetos
