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Erithacus rubecula

Description

The European robin (Erithacus rubecula), known simply as the robin or robin redbreast in the British Isles, is a small insectivorous passerine bird, specifically a chat, that was formerly classified as a member of the thrush family (Turdidae) but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher. About 12.5–14.0 cm (5.0–5.5 inches) in length, the male and female are similar in colouration, with an orange breast and face lined with grey, brown upper-parts and a whitish belly. It is found across Europe, east to Western Siberia and south to North Africa; it is sedentary in most of its range except the far north.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2492462https://www.gbif.org/species/2492462
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)369339https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=369339
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : Erithacus rubecula
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : Erithacus rubecula
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-PicoclamatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyMuscicapidaeFleming 1822
genusErithacusCuvier 1800
speciesErithacus rubeculaLinnaeus 1758
Generic NameErithacus
Common NameEuropean robin
Scientific NameErithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Name Published InSyst. Nat. ed. 10 p. 188
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Erithacus rubeculaspeciesbelongs to Motacillastated without evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Erithacus rubeculaspeciesbelongs to Erithacusstated with evidenceWeesie, 1988
Erithacus rubeculaspeciesbelongs to Erithacusstated without evidenceSeguí et al., 1997
Erithacus rubeculaspeciesbelongs to Erithacusstated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.78 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Muscicapidae)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietinsectivore (based on Muscicapidae)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824
Common Name(s) European Robin, Rotkehlchen, Canakuqi, Gjinokuqi, Grykakuqi, Gushakuqi, Gushali, Gushari, Gushëkuqi, Gushëspeci, Kızılgerdan, Robin Goch, Roodborst, Rougegorge Familier, Κοκκινολαίμης, Червеногръдка, Robin, Petirrojo, Punarinta, Vörösbegy, Pettirosso, Rudzik, Pisco-de-peito-ruivo, Rödhake, Robin, European Robin, Bringurey?i, Glóbrystingur, Rødhals, Rødstrupe, Petirrojo Europeo, Paprastoji Liepsnelė, Pit-roig, Punarind, Sarkanrīklīte, Taščica, červenka Obecná, červienka Obyčajná, Зарянка, ヨーロッパコマドリ, 欧亚鸲, 歐亞歌鴝, Paporrubio, Txantxangorria
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erithacus_rubecula

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Erithacus rubecula atlas
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula balcanicus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula caucasicus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula hebridium
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula hispaniae
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula hyrcanus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula lavaudeni
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula maior
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula melophilus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula rubecula
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula superbus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula tataricus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula valens
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula witherbyi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula monnardi
form
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Erithacus rubecula rubecula
form
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Erithacus rubecula sardus Kleinschmidt, 1906GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : Erithacus rubecula sardus
Motacilla rubecula Linnaeus, 1758GBIFspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : Motacilla rubecula
Erithacus rubecula armoricanus Lebeurier & Rapine, 1936GBIFsubspeciesAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Muscicapidae : Erithacus : Erithacus rubecula armoricanus

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Motacilla rubecula Linnaeus p. 188
1988Erithacus rubecula Weesie p. 37 figs. Pl 9, fig 4
1997Erithacus rubecula Seguí et al. p. 232
2017Erithacus rubecula Clements et al.
2018Erithacus rubecula Carrera et al. p. 163

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Weesie P. D. M. (1988) The Quaternary avifauna of Crete, Greece, Palaeovertebrata 18, 1-94
Seguí B., Mourer-Chauviré C., et al (1997) Upper Pleistocene and Holocene fossil avifauna from Moleta cave (Mallorca, Balearic Islands), Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears 40, 223-252
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Carrera L., Pavia M., et al (2018) Late Pleistocene fossil birds from Buso Doppio del Broion Cave (North-Eastern Italy): implications for palaeoecology, palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate, Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 57, 145-174
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
(2012) Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2012.01.01 - via Catalogue of Life
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life
SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
ÁLVAREZ, A. (1989) Avifauna de los pisos de vegetación de la Cordillera Cantábrica. Tesis doct. Univ. de León...CARRASCAL, L.M. (1987) Relación entre avifauna y estructura de la vegetación en las repoblaciones de coníferas de Tenerife. Ardeola, 34: 193-224...MORENO, J.M. (1988) Guía de las aves de Canarias. Edit. Interinsular Canaria. Santa Cruz de Tenerife...MUNTANER, J., X. FERRER & A. MARTÍNEZ-VILLALTA (eds.) (1983) Atlas dels ocells nidificants de Catalunya i Andorra. Ketres ed. Barcelona...POTTI, J. (1985) Las comunidades de aves del Macizo de Ayllón. Tesis doct. Univ. Compl. Madrid...PURROY, F.J. (1972) Comunidades de aves nidificantes en el bosque pirenaico de abeto blanco. Bol. Est. Centr. Ecología, 1: 41-44...PURROY, F.J. (1974) Contribución al conocimiento ornitológico de los pinares pirenaicos. Ardeola, 20: 245-261...PURROY, F.J. et al (1990) Bosque y fauna de vertebrados terrestres en España. Ecología, fuera de serie, nº 1: 349-363...SÁNCHEZ, A. (1991) Estructura y estacionalidad de las comunidades de aves en la Sierra de Gredos. Ardeola, 38: 207-231...SEO (ed.) (1994) Atlas de las aves nidificantes en Madrid. Agencia de Medio Ambiente. Madrid...TELLERÍA, J.L. (1987) Biogeografía de la avifauna nidificante en España Central. Ardeola, 34: 145-166...TELLERÍA, J.L. & A. GALARZA (1990) Avifauna y paisaje en el norte de España: efecto de las repoblaciones con árboles exóticos. Ardeola, 37: 229-245...TELLERÍA, J.L. & T. SANTOS (1994) Factors involved in the distribution of forest birds in the Iberian Peninsula. Bird Study, 41: 161-169...ZAMORA, R. (1987) Variaciones altitudinales en la composición de las comunidades nidificantes de aves de Sierra Nevada. Doñana Acta Vert., 14: 83-106. - via Inventario Nacional Biodiversidad – Especies amenazadas (España)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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