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Lanius ludovicianus

Description

The loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) is a passerine bird in the family Laniidae. It is the only member of the shrike family endemic to North America; the related northern shrike (L. borealis) occurs north of its range but also in the eastern Palearctic. It is nicknamed the butcherbird after its carnivorous tendencies, as it consumes prey such as amphibians, insects, lizards, small mammals and small birds, and some prey end up displayed and stored at a site, for example in a tree. Due to its small size and weak talons, this predatory bird relies on impaling its prey upon thorns or barbed wire for facilitated consumption. The numbers of Loggerhead shrike have significantly decreased in recent years, especially in Midwestern, New England and Mid-Atlantic areas.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)2492870https://www.gbif.org/species/2492870
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)290138https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=290138
Rankspecies
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Laniidae : Lanius : Lanius ludovicianus
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Laniidae : Lanius : Lanius ludovicianus
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-TerrestrornithesLivezey and Zusi 2007
-Dendrornithes
-AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
-PicoclamatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyLaniidaeRafinesque 1815
genusLaniusLinnaeus 1758
speciesLanius ludovicianusLinnaeus 1766
Generic NameLanius
Common Nameloggerhead shrike
Scientific NameLanius ludovicianus Linnaeus, 1766
Name Published InLinnaeus, Carolus. 1766. Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. Vol. I, No. 1, Edito duodecima, reformata: 1-532.
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Lanius ludovicianusspeciesbelongs to Laniusstated without evidenceBrodkorb, 1959
Lanius ludovicianusspeciesbelongs to Laniusstated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1
Extant Size (PBDB)1 (100%)
First Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Theropoda)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)P. Brodkorb. 1959. The Pleistocene avifauna of Arredondo, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 4(9):269-291
Common Name(s) Loggerhead Shrike, Alcaudón Verdugo, Pie-grièche Migratrice, Alcaudón Americano, Amerikaanse Klapekster, Amerikansk Tornskade, Amerikavarsler, Averla Stolida, Louisianawürger, Ameerika õgija, Amerikanisolepinkäinen, Amerikansk Törnskata, Amerikinė Medšarkė, Botxí Americà, Dzierzba Siwa, Indiángébics, Kašķīgā čakste, Picanço-americano, Strakoš čiernokrídly, ťuhýk Americký, Американский жулан, アメリカオオモズ, 呆头伯劳, 呆頭伯勞, Louisiana-würger, Loggerhead/northern Shrike
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanius_ludovicianus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus miamensis
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB
Lanius ludovicianus migrans
subspecies
accepted (GBIF)No associated record in PBDB

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1766Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus
1959Lanius ludovicianus Brodkorb
2017Lanius ludovicianus Clements et al.

References

Brodkorb P. (1959) The Pleistocene avifauna of Arredondo, Florida, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 4 9, 269-291
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
(1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life
(2001) database, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad - via Catalogue of Life
(2012) Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2011.02.08 - via Catalogue of Life
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life
(2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life
(2005) website, AOU Check-List (07-2005) - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada - via Catalogue of Life
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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