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Orthoceratidae ✝

Photos

Photo Gallery

Orthoceras sp.

Morocco

Orthoceras sp.

Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Orthoceras sp.

Morocco

Orthoceras sp.

Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Orthoceras sp.

Morocco

Orthoceras sp.

Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Description

Orthoceratidae is an extinct family of actively mobile carnivorous cephalopods, subclass Nautiloidea, that lived in what would be North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia from the Ordovician through Triassic from 490—203.7 mya, existing for approximately 286.4 million years.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoceratidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3246144	https://www.gbif.org/species/3246144
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	103321	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=103321

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Orthoceratidae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Orthocerida : Orthoceratidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthoceratoidea	Zhuravleva 1994
order	Orthocerida	Kuhn 1940
family	Orthoceratidae	McCoy 1844

Scientific Name

Orthoceratidae

Name Published In

A synopsis of the characters of the Carboniferous Limestone fossils of Ireland (London): 6

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthochoanites	stated with evidence	Strand, 1934
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerida	stated with evidence	Teichert and Miller, 1939
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Michelinoceratida	stated with evidence	Flower, 1962
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerataceae	stated with evidence	Teichert et al., 1964
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthoceratida	stated with evidence	Miagkova, 1967
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerataceae	stated with evidence	Evans, 1994
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerida	stated with evidence	Evans, 2005
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerida	stated without evidence	Kröger et al., 2011
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthoceratina	stated with evidence	Kröger, 2013
Orthoceratidae	family	belongs to Orthocerida	stated with evidence	Kröger and Aubrechtova, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

111

First Recorded Appearance

485 - 478 Ma
Paleozoic

Last Recorded Appearance

212 - 206 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Environment

marine (based on Orthocerida)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Orthocerida)

Vision

well-developed (based on Cephalopoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Orthocerida)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Orthocerida)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. Dzik. 1984. Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea. Palaeontologica Polonica 45:1-212

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthoceratidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Bitaunioceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		15	296 Ma Permian	265 Ma Permian
Chebbioceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Copiceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Ctenoceras genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Infundibuloceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Kionoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		128	468 Ma Middle Ordovician	388 Ma Middle Devonian
Kopaninoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	433 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Merocycloceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	433 Ma Silurian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Michelinoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		337	485 Ma Cambrian	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Ogygoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Orthoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		526	485 Ma Cambrian	228 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Orthocycloceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		22	433 Ma Silurian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Oxfordoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Palorthoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician	478 Ma Early/Lower Ordovician
Plagiostomoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		28	443 Ma Silurian	409 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Pleurorthoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		16	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Pojetoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	461 Ma Middle Ordovician	461 Ma Middle Ordovician
Polygrammoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		38	466 Ma Middle Ordovician	439 Ma Silurian
Pseudospyroceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Striatocycloceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		30	464 Ma Middle Ordovician	445 Ma Late/Upper Ordovician
Theoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	393 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Tibichoanoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian	411 Ma Early/Lower Devonian
Trematoceras ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		65	251 Ma Early/Lower Triassic	212 Ma Late/Upper Triassic

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Prohypogeophis Marcus, 1945	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : *Prohypogeophis*
Prohypogeophis tunariense Marcus, 1945	GBIF	species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : *Prohypogeophis tunariense*
Prohypogeophis tunariensis Marcus, 1945	GBIF	species	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : *Prohypogeophis tunariensis*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1844	Orthoceratidae McCoy
1934	Orthoceratidae Strand
1936	Orthocerotidae Miller and Teichert
1939	Orthoceratidae Teichert and Miller
1944	Orthocerotidae Ulrich et al.
1945	Prohypogeophis Marcus
1945	Prohypogeophis tunariense Marcus
1962	Orthoceratidae Flower
1964	Orthoceratidae Teichert et al. p. 224

Year	Name and Author
1967	Orthoceratidae Miagkova
1994	Orthoceratidae Evans p. 18
2005	Orthoceratidae Evans p. 224
2007	Orthoceratidae Kröger et al.
2008	Orthoceratidae Kröger
2011	Orthoceratidae Kröger et al.
2013	Orthoceratidae Kröger
2017	Orthoceratidae Kröger and Aubrechtova
2019	Orthoceratidae Kröger and Aubrechtová

References

Dzik J. (1984) Phylogeny of the Nautiloidea, Palaeontologica Polonica 45, 1-212

Strand T. (1934) The Upper Ordovician Cephalopods of the Oslo Area, Norsk geologiske Tidsskrift 14, 1-117

Ulrich E. O., Foerste A. F., et al (1944) Ozarkian and Canadian cephalopods, longicones and summary, Geological Society of America Special Paper 58, 1-226

Flower R. H. (1962) Part 1, Revision of Buttsoceras, Part 2, Notes on the Michelinoceratida, State Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Memoir 10, 1-58

Teichert C., Kummel B., et al (1964) Cephalopoda - general features - Endoceratoidea - Actinoceratoidea - Nautiloidea - Bactritoidea, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology K 3, 1-519

Miagkova E. I. (1967) Siluriiskie nautiloidei Sibirskoi platformy, 1-55

Evans D. H. (1994) The Cephalopod Fauna of the Bardahessaigh Formation (Caradoc Series) of Pomeroy, County Tyrone, Irish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 11-29

Evans D. H. (2005) The Lower and Middle Ordovician cephalopod faunas of England and Wales, Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society 623, 1-81

Kröger B., Beresi M. S., et al (2007) Early orthoceratoid cephalopods from the Argentine Precordillera (Lower-Middle Ordovician), Journal of Paleontology 81 6, 1266-1283 doi:10.1666/06-013.1

Kröger B. (2008) Nautiloids before and during the ammonoid origin in a Siluro–Devonian section of the Tafilalt (Morocco), Special Papers in Palaeontology 79, 1-110

Kröger B., Ebbestad J. O. R., et al (2011) Mass concentration of Hirnantian cephalopods from the Siljan District, Sweden; taxonomy, palaeoecology and palaeobiogeographic relationships, Fossil Record 14 1, 35-53 doi:10.1002/mmng.201000014

Kröger B. (2013) The cephalopods of Boda Limestone, Late Ordovocian, of Dalarna, Sweden, European Journal of Taxonomy 41, 1-110

Kröger B., Aubrechtova M. (2017) Cephalopods from reef limestone of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia (latest Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) and the establishment of a local warm-water fauna, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 14 7, 1-42

Kröger B., Aubrechtová M. (2019) The cephalopods of the Kullsberg Limestone Formation, Upper Ordovician, central Sweden and the effects of reef diversification on\r\ncephalopod diversity, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 1-35

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1003 Orthoceras Bruguiere, 1789 (class Cephalopoda): placed on the Official List of Generic Names.Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 30, 142-146 (1974) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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