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Phugatherium ✝

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4829580	https://www.gbif.org/species/4829580
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	131380	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=131380

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hydrochoeridae : Phugatherium

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
-	Glires
order	Rodentia
suborder	Hystricomorpha
infraorder	Hystricognathi
-	Caviomorpha
superfamily	Cavioidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Hydrochoeridae	Gill 1872
genus	Phugatherium	Ameghino 1887

Scientific Name

Phugatherium Ameghino, 1887

Name Published In

Apunt. Mam. esting. de Monte Hermoso

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Phugatherium	genus	belongs to Hydrochoeridae	stated with evidence	Prado et al., 1998
Phugatherium	genus	belongs to Hydrochoerinae	stated without evidence	Vucetich et al., 2015

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

11.6 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene

Last Recorded Appearance

1.80 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

grazer (based on Hydrochoeridae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. L. Prado, E. Cerdeño, and S. Roig-Juñet. 1998. The giant rodent Chapalmatherium from the Pliocene of Argentina: new remains and taxonomic remarks on the family Hydrochoeridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18(4):788-798

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anchimysops dubius ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Anchimysops radicei ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Anchimysops villalobosi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	6.80 Ma Miocene	6.80 Ma Miocene
Chapalmatherium novum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Neochoerus dichroplax ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	4.90 Ma Pliocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Phugatherium cataclisticum ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	11.6 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Phugatherium novum ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		3	6.80 Ma Miocene	4.00 Ma Pliocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1887	Phugatherium Ameghino
1908	Chapalmatherium Ameghino
1914	Protohydrochoerus Rovereto
1927	Anchimysops Kraglievich
1961	Neoanchimys Pascual and Bondesio
1993	Chapalmatherium MacFadden et al. p. 235
1997	Anchimysops McKenna and Bell
1997	Chapalmatherium McKenna and Bell

Year	Name and Author
1997	Neoanchimys McKenna and Bell
1997	Protohydrochoerus McKenna and Bell
1998	Chapalmatherium Prado et al. p. 793
1998	Anchimysops Prado et al. p. 796
1998	Phugatherium Prado et al. p. 796
2015	Phugatherium Vucetich et al.
2019	Phugatherium Albright et al. p. 165

References

Prado J. L., Cerdeño E., et al (1998) The giant rodent Chapalmatherium from the Pliocene of Argentina: new remains and taxonomic remarks on the family Hydrochoeridae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 4, 788-798

MacFadden B. J., Anaya F., et al (1993) Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Inchasi: a Pliocene mammal-bearing locality from the Bolivian Andes deposited just before the Great American Interchange, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 114 2-3, 229-241

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Vucetich M. G., Deschamps C. M., et al (2015) The First Capybaras (Rodentia, Caviidae, Hydrochoerinae), involved in the Great American Biotic Interchange, Ameghiniana doi:doi:!10.5710/AMGH.05.02.2015.2874!

Albright L. B., Sanders A. E., et al (2019) Cenozoic vertebrate biostratigraphy of South Carolina, U.S.A. and additions to the fauna, Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 57 2, 77-236

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Apunt. Mam. esting. de Monte Hermoso - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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