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Valenictus ✝

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Description

Valenictus is an extinct genus of Odobenidae from the Pliocene of California.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenictus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	4833427	https://www.gbif.org/species/4833427
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	71854	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=71854

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Odobenidae : Valenictus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Odobenidae : Valenictus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
-	Pinnipedimorpha	Berta et al. 1989
-	Pinnipedia
family	Odobenidae
-	Neodobenia	Magallanes et al. 2018
subfamily	Odobeninae	Allen 1880
tribe	Odobenini	Allen 1880
genus	Valenictus	Mitchell 1961

Scientific Name

Valenictus Mitchell, 1961

Name Published In

Contr. Sci. No. 44

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobaenidae	stated without evidence	Mitchell, 1961
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobaenidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Dusignathinae	stated without evidence	Barnes, 1989
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Deméré, 1994
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobenini	stated with evidence	Deméré, 1994
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Horikawa, 1995
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Dusignathina	implied	McKenna and Bell, 1997
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Deméré and Berta, 2001
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Carnivora	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	implied	Berta, 2002
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated with evidence	Deméré et al., 2003
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Kohno, 2006
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2009
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Boessenecker and Churchill, 2013
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobenidae	stated with evidence	Berta, 2018
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobeninae	stated without evidence	Berta et al., 2018
Valenictus	genus	belongs to Odobenini	stated with evidence	Magallanes et al., 2018

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

5.33 - 3.60 Ma
Neogene

Last Recorded Appearance

3.60 - 1.80 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

marine (based on Pinnipedia)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

insectivore (based on Odobenidae)

Reproduction

viviparous (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Ontogeny

modification of parts (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite (based on Pinnipedimorpha)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Mitchell. 1961. A new walrus from the imperial Pliocene of Southern California: with notes on odobenid and otariid humeri. Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 44:1-28

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valenictus

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Valenictus chulavistensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Valenictus imperialensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1961	Valenictus Mitchell p. 4 figs. Figs. 2-4
1988	Valenictis Carroll
1989	Valenictis Barnes p. 23
1994	Valenictus Deméré p. 77
1995	Valenictus Horikawa p. 322 figs. Table 4
1997	Valenictus McKenna and Bell p. 256
2001	Valenictus Deméré and Berta p. 306
2002	Valenictus Berta
2002	Valenictis Sepkoski, Jr.
2003	Valenictus Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3

Year	Name and Author
2006	Valenictus Kohno p. 418
2008	Valenictus Barnes p. 536
2009	Valenictus Berta p. 863
2013	Valenictus Boessenecker and Churchill p. 10 fig. 8
2017	Valenictus Berta p. 156
2017	Valenictus Boessenecker
2018	Valenictus Berta p. 714 figs. Fig. 3
2018	Valenictus Berta et al. p. 217 figs. Fig. 6
2018	Valenictus Magallanes et al. p. 30 figs. Fig. 14

References

Mitchell E. D. (1961) A new walrus from the imperial Pliocene of Southern California: with notes on odobenid and otariid humeri, Los Angeles County Museum Contributions in Science 44, 1-28

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Barnes L. G. (1989) A new enaliarctine pinniped from the Astoria Formation, Oregon, and a classification of the Otariidae (Mammalia: Carnivora), Contributions in Science 403, 1-26

Deméré T. A. (1994) Two new species of fossil walruses (Pinnipedia: Odobenidae) from the Upper Pliocene San Diego Formation, California, Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29, 77-98

Horikawa H. (1995) A primitive odobenine walrus of Early Pliocene age from Japan, The Island Arc 3, 309-328

McKenna M. C., Bell S. K. (1997) , Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level, 1-640

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Deméré T. A., Berta A., et al (2003) Pinnipedimorph evolutionary biogeography, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279, 32-76

Kohno N. (2006) A new Miocene odobenid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from Hokkaido, Japan, and its implications for odobenid phylogeny, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 2, 411-421

Barnes L. G. (2008) Otarioidea, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America 2, 523-541

Berta A. (2009) Pinniped Evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammal Evolution, 861-868

Boessenecker R. W., Churchill M. (2013) A Reevaluation of the Morphology, Paleoecology, and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Walrus Pelagiarctos, PLoS One 8 1, e5411

Berta A. (2017) , The Rise of Marine Mammals: 50 Million Years of Evolution, 1-198

Boessenecker R. W. (2017) A new early Pliocene record of the toothless walrus Valenictus (Carnivora, Odobenidae) from the Purisima Formation of northern California, PaleoBios 34, 1-6

Berta A. (2018) Pinniped evolution, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 712-722

Berta A., Churchill M., et al (2018) The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46, 203-228 doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009

Magallanes I., Parham J. F., et al (2018) A new tuskless walrus from the Miocene of Orange County, California, with comments on the diversity and taxonomy of odobenids, PeerJ 6, e5708 doi:10.7717/peerj.5708

GBIF/Paleo Database - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Contr. Sci. No. 44 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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