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Aepyornis

Description

Aepyornis is a genus of aepyornithid, one of three genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar until their extinction about 1000 A.D. The species A. maximus weighed up to 540 kilograms (1,200 lb), and until recently was regarded as the largest known bird of all time. However, in 2018 the largest aepyornithid specimens, weighing up to 730 kilograms (1,600 lb), were moved to the related genus Vorombe.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)4844154https://www.gbif.org/species/4844154
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)39293https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39293
Rankgenus
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Aepyornithidae : Aepyornis
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Aepyornithiformes : Aepyornithidae : Aepyornis
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
superorderPalaeognathaePycraft 1900
-Ratitae
superorderStruthionimorphaeLivezey and Zusi 2007
orderAepyornithiformes
familyAepyornithidaeBonaparte 1853
genusAepyornisGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1850
Scientific NameAepyornis Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850
Name Published InAnn. Sci. nat., Paris (Zool.), (3)14: 209
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Aepyornisgenusbelongs to Aepyornithidaestated without evidenceLambrecht, 1933
Aepyornisgenusbelongs to AepyornithidaeimpliedCarroll, 1988
Aepyornisgenusbelongs to Aepyornithidaestated without evidenceBurney et al., 2008
Status (PBDB)extinct
Taxon Size (PBDB)4
First Recorded Appearance0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Last Recorded Appearance0.01 Ma
Pleistocene
Environmentterrestrial
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietherbivore
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aepyornis

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Aepyornis hildebrandti
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
20.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0.13 Ma
Pleistocene
Aepyornis maximus
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
Aepyornis medius
species
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Epiornis Müller & Baldamus, 1851GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Aepyornithidae : Epiornis
Epyornis Bonaparte, 1854GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Aepyornithidae : Epyornis
Aepiornis Geoffroy, 1851GBIFgenusAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Aepyornithidae : Aepiornis

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1850Aepyornis Geoffroy
1933Aepyornis Lambrecht p. 198
1960Aepyornis Wetmore p. 24
1988Aepyornis Carroll
2008Aepyornis Burney et al. p. 18
1850Aepyornis Geoffroy
1933Aepyornis Lambrecht p. 198
1960Aepyornis Wetmore p. 24
1988Aepyornis Carroll
2008Aepyornis Burney et al. p. 18

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Wetmore A. (1960) A classification for the birds of the world, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 11, 1-37
Burney D. A., Vasey N., et al (2008) New findings at Andrahomana Cave, southeastern Madagascar, Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 70 1, 13-24
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 67 One hundred and two Bird names placed in the Official List of Generic Names.Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1B, 177-182 (1916) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, (Zool.), [3] 14 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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