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Siricidae
| Description | Horntail or wood wasp is the common name for any of the 150 non-social species of the family Siricidae, of the order Hymenoptera, a type of xylophagous sawfly. This family was formerly believed to be the sole living representative of the superfamily Siricoidea, a group well represented in Paleogene and Mesozoic times, but the family Anaxyelidae has been linked to this group as well. Siricidae has two sub families, Siricinae and Tremecinae. Siricinae infest needle-leaved trees and Tremecinae infest broad-leaved trees. There are ten living genera placed in the family, and an additional three genera described from fossils. The last tergite of the abdomen has a strong, projecting spike, thus giving the group its common name (the ovipositor is typically longer and also projects posteriorly, but it is not the source of the name). A typical adult horntail is brown, blue, or black with yellow parts, and may often reach up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long. The pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) can grow up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long (not counting the ovipositor), among the longest of all Hymenoptera. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siricidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source Data |
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Arthropoda : Insecta : Hymenoptera : Siricidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | horntail | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Siricidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 9 (18%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 191 - 183 Ma Early Jurassic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | terrestrial (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Arthropoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | chitin (based on Insecta) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | G. J. Billberg. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo Gust. Joh. Billberg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Hornsteklar, Vedsteklar, Horntails, Horntail, Houtwespen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siricidae |
External Images
Fossil Distribution
Subtaxa
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
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| Auliscinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Gigasiricinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 191 Ma Early Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Megapteritinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 47.8 Ma Eocene | 47.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Myrmiciinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | ||||
| Sinosiricinae ✝ subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Siricinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 10 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Tremecinae subfamily | listed (PBDB) | 2 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Archoxyelyda ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Aulisca ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 2 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Cretosirex ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Emanrisca ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |
| Eoxeris ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 38.0 Ma Eocene | 38.0 Ma Eocene | |
| Eriotremex genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Hoplitolyda ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Megaulisca ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Megura ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | 166 Ma Middle Jurassic | |
| Paururus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Proximoxeris ✝ genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 8.70 Ma Miocene | 8.70 Ma Miocene | |
| Proximoxeris genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sinanxyela ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Sinosirex ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | 125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous | |
| Sirex genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Tremex genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 3.60 Ma Pliocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Urocerites ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 12.7 Ma Miocene | 12.7 Ma Miocene | |
| Urocerus genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 4 | 59.2 Ma Paleocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Xeris genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 28.4 Ma Oligocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Xoanon genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 48.6 Ma Eocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Ypresiosirex ✝ genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 1 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | |
Synonymy List
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1820 | Siricides Billberg p. 98 |
| 1906 | Pseudosiricidae Handlirsch p. 574 |
| 1921 | Pseudosiricinae Cockerell p. 23 |
| 1949 | Siricidae Maa |
| 1992 | Pseudosiricidae Carpenter |
| 1992 | Siricides Carpenter |
| 2007 | Siricidae Sharkey |
| 2015 | Siricidae Archibald and Rasnitsyn p. 213 |
| 2018 | Siricidae Archibald et al. p. 209 |
References
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
