| Description | The razorbill or lesser auk (Alca torda) is a colonial seabird in the monotypic genus Alca of the family Alcidae, the auks. It is the closest living relative of the extinct great auk (Pinguinis impennis). Wild populations live in the subarctic waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
|
|---|
| Source Data | |
|---|
| Rank | species |
|---|
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Alcidae : Alca : Alca torda |
|---|
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Charadriiformes : Alcidae : Alca : Alca torda |
|---|
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted |
|---|
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF) | |
|---|
| Generic Name | Alca |
|---|
| Common Name | razorbill |
|---|
| Scientific Name | Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758 |
|---|
| Name Published In | Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. |
|---|
| Opinions (PBDB) | | Name | Rank | Opinion | Evidence | Author |
|---|
| Alca torda | species | belongs to Alca | stated without evidence | Linnaeus, 1758 | | Alca torda | species | belongs to Alca | stated with evidence | Clements et al., 2017 |
|
|---|
| Status (PBDB) | extant |
|---|
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 1 |
|---|
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 1 (100%) |
|---|
| First Recorded Appearance | 11.6 - 7.2 Ma
Miocene |
|---|
| Environment | marine (based on Charadriiformes) |
|---|
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Theropoda) |
|---|
| Diet | carnivore (based on Coelurosauria) |
|---|
| Reproduction | oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda) |
|---|
| Ontogeny | accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda) |
|---|
| Taphonomy | hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda) |
|---|
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824 |
|---|
| Common Name(s) | Tordalk, Alk, Petit Pingouin, Razorbill, Alke, Ruokki, Toralk, Tordmule, Álka, Alcaraván, Araro Romero, Gavot, Patorroa, Alca Común, Gazza Marina, Alka, Alka (zwyczajna), Alka Malá, Alka Vrúbkozobá, Lielais Alks, Njorka, Torda-mergulheira, Гагарка, オオハシウミガラス, 刀嘴海雀, Alka Krzywonosa, Crosán, Llurs, Pingouin Macroptère, Pingouin Torda, Ustura Gaga, Άλκα, гагарка, אלקה, Tord-alk |
|---|
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alca_torda |
|---|
| Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542 |
| Hamon J. H. (1959) Northern birds from a Florida Indian midden, The Auk 76, 533-534 |
| Olson S. L., Rasmussen P. C. (2001) Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 90, 233-365 |
| Wijnker E., Olson S. L. (2009) A revision of the fossil genus Miocepphus and other Miocene Alcidae (Aves: Charadriiformes) of the western North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 7 4, 471-487 |
| Smith N. A. (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae), ZooKeys 91, 1-116 |
| Smith N. A., Clarke J. A. (2011) An alphataxonomic revision of extinct and extant razorbills (Aves, Alcidae): A combined morphometric and phylogenetic approach, Ornithological Monographs 72 1, 1-61 |
| del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904 |
| Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017 |
| SOF (2007) Holarktis Fåglar, version 2. SOF:s Taxonomikommittés officiella lista över Holarktis fåglar - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas |
| (1996) database, NODC Taxonomic Code - via Catalogue of Life |
| Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright (2006) Birds of the World: Recommended English Names - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2003) database, http://www.menv.gouv.qc.ca/biodiversite/centre.htm - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2011) IOC World Bird List, Master List v2.9 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner (1987) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada: Resource Publication, no. 166 - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2011) AOU Check-List (08-2011) - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2005) website, AOU Check-List (07-2005) - via Catalogue of Life |
| (2011) Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource, 2011.04.02 - via Catalogue of Life |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes (2003) Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada - via Catalogue of Life |
| International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 271 Addition to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the generic names Equus Linnaeus, 1758 (class Mammalia) and Aica Linnaeus, 1758 (class Aves) (Opinion supplementary to Opinion 16).Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 6(3), 41-50 (1954) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology |
| BLANCO, J.C. & J.L. GONZÁLEZ (eds.) (1992). Libro Rojo de los Vertebrados de España. ICONA. Madrid...PASQUET, E. (1988) Contribution á l´étude du régime alimentaire des Guillemots de Trol Uria aalge et Petit Pingouins Alca torda hivernant dans les eaux francaises. Alauda, 36: 3-18. - via Inventario Nacional Biodiversidad Especies amenazadas (España) |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2003: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright, 2006: null. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. ix + 259. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B. 68: p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Dyntaxa. (2013). Swedish Taxonomic Database. Accessed at www.dyntaxa.se [15-01-2013]. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Peterson, R.T.; Peterson, V.M. (2002). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. Fifth Edition. Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 427 p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Vanderperren, J.-P. (1991). Report Natural History Archive 1990 [Verslag Natuurhistorisch Archief 1990]. De Strandvlo 11(3): 65-75 - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Squires, H. J. (1990). Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 221: 532 p. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Cattrijsse, A.; Vincx, M. (2001). Biodiversity of the benthos and the avifauna of the Belgian coastal waters: summary of data collected between 1970 and 1998. Sustainable Management of the North Sea. Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs: Brussel, Belgium. 48 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station. - via World Register of Marine Species |
| Vanner, M. (2003). The encyclopedia of North American birds. Paragon Publishing. 1-383. - via World Register of Marine Species |
Alca torda
