Hemihedrite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hemihedrite
Formula:
Pb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2
IMA formula is outdated; the mineral is OH-dominant.
Colour:
Bright orange to henna-brown to nearly black (TL).
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
6.42
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in allusion to its hemihedral morphology.
Hemihedrite-Iranite Series. The zinc analogue of Iranite.
A reinvestigation of type material showed that the original F determination was erroneous and the mineral is in fact clearly OH-dominant (Lafuente et al., 2017).
A reinvestigation of type material showed that the original F determination was erroneous and the mineral is in fact clearly OH-dominant (Lafuente et al., 2017).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1859
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1859:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
2e1fd5e8-a904-4673-a5d3-af90f900bc59
IMA Classification of Hemihedrite
Approved
IMA Formula:
ZnPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2
Approval year:
1967
First published:
1970
Classification of Hemihedrite
7.FC.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
C : With PO4, AsO4, SiO4
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
C : With PO4, AsO4, SiO4
Dana 7th ed.:
36.1.1.2
36.1.1.2
36 : COMPOUND CHROMATES
1 : Miscellaneous
36 : COMPOUND CHROMATES
1 : Miscellaneous
27.2.9
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
2 : Chromates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hhe | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hemihedrite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Bright orange to henna-brown to nearly black (TL).
Streak:
Saffron yellow (Munsell 5Y 8/10)
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Density:
6.42 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.50 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hemihedrite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 2.105(5) nβ = 2.320(2) nγ = 2.650(2)
2V:
Measured: 92° , Calculated: 88°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.545
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
yellow to orange
Chemistry of Hemihedrite
Mindat Formula:
Pb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2
IMA formula is outdated; the mineral is OH-dominant.
IMA formula is outdated; the mineral is OH-dominant.
Crystallography of Hemihedrite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pedial
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.497(1) Å, b = 11.443(2) Å, c = 10.841(2) Å
α = 120.5°, β = 92.1°, γ = 55.83°
α = 120.5°, β = 92.1°, γ = 55.83°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.83 : 1 : 0.947
Unit Cell V:
787.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Complex with many observed forms. Hemihedral.
Twinning:
Twins on (012), (010), (223).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000205 | Hemihedrite | McLean W J, Anthony J W (1970) The crystal structure of hemihedrite American Mineralogist 55 1103-1114 |  | 1970 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.301 Å | (100) |
| 4.872 Å | (90) |
| 4.364 Å | (80) |
| 3.164 Å | (80) |
| 3.102 Å | (80) |
| 2.924 Å | (55) |
| 2.849 Å | (45) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Hemihedrite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1968,246; University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 141026
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of lead-bearing veins that cut strongly brecciated Precambrian limestone intruded by an altered latite porphyry and Precambrian quartzite containing a diabase dike.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Williams, S.A., Anthony, J.W. (1970) Hemihedrite, a new mineral from AZ. American Mineralogist: 55: 1088-1102.
Synonyms of Hemihedrite
Other Language Names for Hemihedrite
Relationship of Hemihedrite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Iranite | Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Raygrantite | Pb10Zn(SO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 33 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Phoenicochroite | Pb2(CrO4)O |
| 11 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Mimetite | Pb5(AsO4)3Cl |
| 7 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 6 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Wickenburgite | CaPb3Al2Si10O24(OH)6 |
| 6 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Vauquelinite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH) |
| 6 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 4 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 3 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Wulfenite | Pb(MoO4) |
| 2 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Iranite | Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Hemihedrite associated with Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.FC.05 | Vauquelinite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH) |
| 7.FC.10 | Fornacite | Pb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH) |
| 7.FC.10 | Molybdofornacite | Pb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH) |
| 7.FC.15 | Iranite | Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 7.FC.15 | Raygrantite | Pb10Zn(SO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 7.FC.20 | Cassedanneite | Pb5(CrO4)2(VO4)2 · H2O |
| 7.FC.20 | Embreyite | Pb5(CrO4)2(PO4)2 · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hemihedrite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1859.html
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References for Hemihedrite
Reference List:
Williams, Sidney A., Anthony, John W. (1970) Hemihedrite, a new mineral from Arizona. American Mineralogist, 55 (7-8) 1088-1102
McLean, W. John, Anthony, John W. (1970) The crystal structure of hemihedrite. American Mineralogist, 55 (7-8) 1103-1114
Williams, Sidney A., Anthony, John W. (1970) Hemihedrite, a new mineral from Arizona. American Mineralogist, 55 (7-8) 1088-1102
Cesbron, Fabien, Williams, Sydney A. (1980) Iranite˗hémihédrite, bellite, phoenicochroite, vauquelinite et fornacite : synthèse et nouvelles données. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 103 (5) 469-477 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1980.7409
Localities for Hemihedrite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Chile | |
| Sample analysed by Tony Kampf of LAC ... |
Iran | |
| |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
USA | |
| |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Williams et al. (1970) +3 other references |
| Williams et al. (1970) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Southern California Micromounters ... |
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Rat Tail claim, Belmont Mountains, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA