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Mutnovskite

A valid IMA mineral species

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A view on the top of Mutnosvkiy Volcano from a car's window

Mutnovsky volcano, Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Formula:

Pb₄As₂S₆ICl

Colour:

ruby, dark red to blue

Lustre:

Resinous, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

6.177 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

For the type locality

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mutnovsky volcano, Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

Compare Unnamed (Pb-As sulfide chloride).

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

27408

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:27408:1

GUID
(UUID V4):

e16ff271-b05b-4366-a88b-457ea986f670

IMA Classification of MutnovskiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br)

Approval year:

2004

First published:

2006

Type description reference:

Zelenski, Michael, Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Bindi, Luca, Garavelli, Anna, Makovicky, Emil, Pinto, Daniela, Vurro, Filippo (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb₂AsS₃(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. American Mineralogist, 91 (1) 21-28 doi:10.2138/am.2006.1870

Classification of MutnovskiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

2.GC.50

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Mvs	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of MutnovskiteHide

Lustre:

Resinous, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

ruby, dark red to blue

Comment:

in thin slivers

Streak:

cherry-red to orange

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Fragile

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

None observed

Density:

6.177 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of MutnovskiteHide

Anisotropism:

Could not be observed due to strong internal reflections

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
470nm	34.2%	34.6%
546nm	33.2%	33.5%
589nm	32.5%	32.7%
650nm	31.4%	31.7%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 34.6%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Silvery lead-grey, with an iridescent tarnish

Internal Reflections:

Orange

Comments:

Pleochroism could not be observed due to strong internal reflections

Chemistry of MutnovskiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₄As₂S₆ICl

Elements listed:

As, Cl, I, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Cu,Se,Bi

Crystallography of MutnovskiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Pnma

Setting:

Pnma

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.543 Å, b = 6.6764 Å, c = 9.359 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.729 : 1 : 1.402

Unit Cell V:

721.3 Å³

Morphology:

a short-prismatic morphology, sometimes tabular

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0003993	Mutnovskite	Zelenski M, Balic-Zunic T, Bindi L, Garavelli A, Makovicky E, Pinto D, Vurro F (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: the case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation American Mineralogist 91 21-28		2006	Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Mutnovskite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Zelenski M'
'Balic-Zunic T'
'Bindi L'
'Garavelli A'
'Makovicky E'
'Pinto D'
'Vurro F'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 91 
_journal_year 2006
_journal_page_first 21
_journal_page_last 28
_publ_section_title
;
 First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: the case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br),
 a new mineral from Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation
;
_database_code_amcsd 0003993
_chemical_compound_source 'Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb2 (As.98 Bi.02) (S2.979 Se.021) (I.46 Cl.45 Br.09)'
_cell_length_a 11.543
_cell_length_b 6.6764
_cell_length_c 9.359
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 721.258
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.177
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P n m a'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.37509   0.25000   0.19184   1.00000   0.04090
Pb2   0.17188   0.75000   0.21713   1.00000   0.05120
As   0.92130   0.75000   0.03550   0.98000   0.02680
Bi   0.92130   0.75000   0.03550   0.02000   0.02680
S1   0.29690   0.99980   0.41940   0.99300   0.03100
Se1   0.29690   0.99980   0.41940   0.00700   0.03100
S2   0.59850   0.25000   0.29680   0.99300   0.03800
Se2   0.59850   0.25000   0.29680   0.00700   0.03800
IX   0.95440   0.75000   0.40170   0.46000   0.03420
ClX   0.95440   0.75000   0.40170   0.45000   0.03420
BrX   0.95440   0.75000   0.40170   0.09000   0.03420
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pb1 0.03420 0.05390 0.03470 0.00000 -0.00730 0.00000
Pb2 0.03630 0.08170 0.03550 0.00000 -0.00520 0.00000
As 0.01990 0.03580 0.02460 0.00000 -0.00130 0.00000
Bi 0.01990 0.03580 0.02460 0.00000 -0.00130 0.00000
S1 0.03700 0.02600 0.03000 0.00200 -0.00100 0.00100
Se1 0.03700 0.02600 0.03000 0.00200 -0.00100 0.00100
S2 0.02400 0.06600 0.02200 0.00000 -0.00400 0.00000
Se2 0.02400 0.06600 0.02200 0.00000 -0.00400 0.00000
IX 0.02830 0.04600 0.02800 0.00000 -0.00170 0.00000
ClX 0.02830 0.04600 0.02800 0.00000 -0.00170 0.00000
BrX 0.02830 0.04600 0.02800 0.00000 -0.00170 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.69 Å	(32)
4.37 Å	(67)
3.34 Å	(73)
3.19 Å	(100)
2.715 Å	(61)
2.648 Å	(66)
2.539 Å	(31)
2.455 Å	(29)
1.894 Å	(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45)

Type Occurrence of MutnovskiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Mutnovsky volcano, Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Microscopic short-prismatic crystals up to 100 μm across.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Mineralogical collection of the Museum “C.L. Garavelli”, Dipartimento Geomineralogico, Università di Bari, under the catalogue number 7/nm (V28).

Geological Setting of Type Material:

High-temperature fumarole

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Pyrite

Cristobalite

Anhydrite

Reference:

Zelenski, M., Balić-Žunić, T., Bindi, L., Garavelli, A., Makovický, E., Pinto, D., Vurro, F. (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. American Mineralogist: 91: 21-28.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/AM91_21.pdf

Synonyms of MutnovskiteHide

IMA2004-032

Other Language Names for MutnovskiteHide

German:Mutnovskit

Russian:Мутновскит

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.GC.	Clogauite	PbBi₄Te₄S₃	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
2.GC.05	Hatchite	AgTlPbAs₂S₅	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.05	Wallisite	(Cu,Ag)TlPbAs₂S₅	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.10	Sinnerite	Cu₆As₄S₉	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.15	Watanabeite	Cu₄(As,Sb)₂S₅	Orth.
2.GC.20	Simonite	TlHgAs₃S₆	Mon. 2/m
2.GC.25	Quadratite	Ag(Cd,Pb)AsS₃	Tet. 4 2 2 : P4₃ 2 2
2.GC.25	Manganoquadratite	AgMnAsS₃	Tet. 4 2 2 : P4₃ 2 2
2.GC.30	Smithite	AgAsS₂	Mon. 2/m
2.GC.35	Trechmannite	AgAsS₂	Trig. 3 : R3
2.GC.35	Debattistiite	Ag₉Hg_0.5As₆S₁₂Te₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.GC.40a	Aleksite	PbBi₂Te₂S₂	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
2.GC.40b	Kochkarite	PbBi₄Te₇	Trig.
2.GC.40c	Poubaite	PbBi₂(Se,Te,S)₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.GC.40c	Rucklidgeite	PbBi₂Te₄	Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.GC.40e	Babkinite	Pb₂Bi₂(S,Se)₃	Trig.
2.GC.40d	Saddlebackite	Pb₂Bi₂Te₂S₃	Hex.
2.GC.45	Tvalchrelidzeite	Hg₃SbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for MutnovskiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-27408.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

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References for MutnovskiteHide

Reference List:

Bindi, Luca, Garavelli, Anna, Pinto, Daniela, Pratesi, Giovanni, Vurro, Filippo (2008) Ordered distribution of I and Cl in the low-temperature crystal structure of mutnovskite, Pb₄As₂S₆ICl: An X-ray single-crystal study. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181. 306-312 doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2007.11.032

Localities for MutnovskiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Russia (TL)

Kamchatka Krai

Yelizovsky District

ⓘ Mutnovsky volcano (TL)

American Mineralogist: 94: 1312–1324 +1 other reference