Mutnovskite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
Pb4As2S6ICl
Colour:
ruby, dark red to blue
Lustre:
Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
6.177 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
For the type locality
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
27408
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27408:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
e16ff271-b05b-4366-a88b-457ea986f670
IMA Classification of Mutnovskite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br)
Approval year:
2004
First published:
2006
Type description reference:
Zelenski, Michael, Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Bindi, Luca, Garavelli, Anna, Makovicky, Emil, Pinto, Daniela, Vurro, Filippo (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. American Mineralogist, 91 (1) 21-28 doi:10.2138/am.2006.1870
Classification of Mutnovskite
2.GC.50
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
C : Poly-sulfarsenites
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mvs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Mutnovskite
Resinous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
ruby, dark red to blue
Comment:
in thin slivers
Streak:
cherry-red to orange
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Fragile
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
None observed
Density:
6.177 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Mutnovskite
Anisotropism:
Could not be observed due to strong internal reflections
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
470nm | 34.2% | 34.6% |
546nm | 33.2% | 33.5% |
589nm | 32.5% | 32.7% |
650nm | 31.4% | 31.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 34.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Silvery lead-grey, with an iridescent tarnish
Internal Reflections:
Orange
Comments:
Pleochroism could not be observed due to strong internal reflections
Chemistry of Mutnovskite
Mindat Formula:
Pb4As2S6ICl
Common Impurities:
Fe,Cu,Se,Bi
Crystallography of Mutnovskite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.543 Å, b = 6.6764 Å, c = 9.359 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.729 : 1 : 1.402
Unit Cell V:
721.3 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
a short-prismatic morphology, sometimes tabular
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0003993 | Mutnovskite | Zelenski M, Balic-Zunic T, Bindi L, Garavelli A, Makovicky E, Pinto D, Vurro F (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: the case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation American Mineralogist 91 21-28 | 2006 | Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.69 Å | (32) |
4.37 Å | (67) |
3.34 Å | (73) |
3.19 Å | (100) |
2.715 Å | (61) |
2.648 Å | (66) |
2.539 Å | (31) |
2.455 Å | (29) |
1.894 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) |
Type Occurrence of Mutnovskite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Microscopic short-prismatic crystals up to 100 μm across.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical collection of the Museum “C.L. Garavelli”, Dipartimento Geomineralogico, Università di Bari, under the catalogue number 7/nm (V28).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
High-temperature fumarole
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Zelenski, M., Balić-Žunić, T., Bindi, L., Garavelli, A., Makovický, E., Pinto, D., Vurro, F. (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. American Mineralogist: 91: 21-28.
Synonyms of Mutnovskite
Other Language Names for Mutnovskite
German:Mutnovskit
Russian:Мутновскит
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.GC. | Clogauite | PbBi4Te4S3 |
2.GC.05 | Hatchite | AgTlPbAs2S5 |
2.GC.05 | Wallisite | (Cu,Ag)TlPbAs2S5 |
2.GC.10 | Sinnerite | Cu6As4S9 |
2.GC.15 | Watanabeite | Cu4(As,Sb)2S5 |
2.GC.20 | Simonite | TlHgAs3S6 |
2.GC.25 | Quadratite | Ag(Cd,Pb)AsS3 |
2.GC.25 | Manganoquadratite | AgMnAsS3 |
2.GC.30 | Smithite | AgAsS2 |
2.GC.35 | Trechmannite | AgAsS2 |
2.GC.35 | Debattistiite | Ag9Hg0.5As6S12Te2 |
2.GC.40a | Aleksite | PbBi2Te2S2 |
2.GC.40b | Kochkarite | PbBi4Te7 |
2.GC.40c | Poubaite | PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4 |
2.GC.40c | Rucklidgeite | PbBi2Te4 |
2.GC.40e | Babkinite | Pb2Bi2(S,Se)3 |
2.GC.40d | Saddlebackite | Pb2Bi2Te2S3 |
2.GC.45 | Tvalchrelidzeite | Hg3SbAsS3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Mutnovskite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27408.html
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References for Mutnovskite
Reference List:
Zelenski, Michael, Balić-Žunić, Tonči, Bindi, Luca, Garavelli, Anna, Makovicky, Emil, Pinto, Daniela, Vurro, Filippo (2006) First occurrence of iodine in natural sulfosalts: The case of mutnovskite, Pb2AsS3(I,Cl,Br), a new mineral from the Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russian Federation. American Mineralogist, 91 (1) 21-28 doi:10.2138/am.2006.1870
Localities for Mutnovskite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia (TL) | |
| American Mineralogist: 94: 1312–1324 +1 other reference |
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Mutnovsky volcano, Yelizovsky District, Kamchatka Krai, Russia