Waterhouseite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Waterhouseite
Frederick George Waterhouse
Formula:
Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8
Colour:
Orange-brown to dark brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
3.55
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
After Frederick George Waterhouse (1815-1898), first Director of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide), in recognition of his contribution to the preservation of the natural history of South Australia, and celebrates the continuing work of the Waterhouse Club in their support of the South Australian Musuem.
The phosphate analogue of allactite and argandite, but with a unique crystal structure. Chemically similar to gatehouseite, triploidite; bermanite, gatehouseite, metaswitzerite, reddingite, serrabrancaite, switzerite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
27485
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27485:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
dcfe3f33-d568-4045-a01e-389b6dab1d51
IMA Classification of Waterhouseite
Classification of Waterhouseite
8.BE.85
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Whs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Waterhouseite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Orange-brown to dark brown
Streak:
Yellowish brown
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Estimated
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on (100), indistinct on (001)
on (100), indistinct on (001)
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.55 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.591 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Waterhouseite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.730 nβ = 1.738 nγ = 1.738
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.008
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
absent
Comments:
X pale brownish, Y brown-yellow, Z pale brownish, with absorption Z = X > Y
Optical orientation: XYZ = bac (pseudo-orthorhombic)
Optical orientation: XYZ = bac (pseudo-orthorhombic)
Chemistry of Waterhouseite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Waterhouseite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.364 Å, b = 5.57 Å, c = 10.455 Å
β = 96.61°
β = 96.61°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.04 : 1 : 1.877
Unit Cell V:
657.4 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
{100} (dominant), {010}, {011} and {001}
Twinning:
All crystals are twinned on (100) by non-merohedry.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006050 | Waterhouseite | Pring A, Kolitsch U, Birch W D (2005) Description and unique crystal-structure of waterhouseite, a new hydroxy manganese phosphate species from the Iron Monarch deposit, Middleback Ranges, South Australia The Canadian Mineralogist 43 1401-1410 |  | 2005 | Iron Monarch mine, Iron Knob, South Australia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.436 Å | (70) |
| 3.621 Å | (100) |
| 3.069 Å | (50) |
| 2.941 Å | (40) |
| 2.890 Å | (20) |
| 2.842 Å | (20) |
| 2.780 Å | (35) |
| 2.718 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Waterhouseite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Divergent sprays of bladed crystals up to 1 mm in length and up to 20 µm in thickness.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAM 28408 & 28409).
Synonyms of Waterhouseite
Other Language Names for Waterhouseite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Waterhouseite associated with Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BE.05 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 |
| 8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.20 | Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.25 | Gilmarite | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.35 | Mineral E (of Dunn, et. al., 1982) | |
| 8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
| 8.BE.45 | Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.45 | Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 |
| 8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 |
| 8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x |
| 8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 |
| 8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O |
| 8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
| 8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl |
| 8.BE.90 | Vasilseverginite | Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Waterhouseite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27485.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
References for Waterhouseite
Reference List:
Localities for Waterhouseite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL) | |
| Pring et al. (2005) |
Quick NavTopAbout WaterhouseiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia