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Heterodontidae

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Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	124932	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=124932

Rank

family (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Heterodontiformes : Heterodontidae

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
class	Chondrichthyes	Huxley 1880
subclass	Elasmobranchii	Bonaparte 1838
infraclass	Euselachii
-	Neoselachii	Compagno 1977
-	Selachii
superorder	Galeomorphi
order	Heterodontiformes	Berg 1940
family	Heterodontidae	Gray 1851

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontoidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Prosarthri	stated without evidence	Jordan, 1963
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated without evidence	Cassier, 1966
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontoidei	stated without evidence	Herman, 1975
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated with evidence	Thies, 1983
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated without evidence	Biddle, 1993
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated with evidence	Underwood, 2002
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated without evidence	Underwood and Ward, 2004
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Neoselachii	stated without evidence	Underwood, 2006
Heterodontidae	family	belongs to Heterodontiformes	stated without evidence	Kriwet, 2008

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

6 (7.8%)

First Recorded Appearance

359 - 323 Ma
Paleozoic

Environment

marine (based on Vertebrata)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Selachii)

Diet

carnivore (based on Selachii)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. T. Thurmond and D. E. Jones. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Acrodonchus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Amacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Centracion ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Centrodus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	323 Ma Carboniferous	323 Ma Carboniferous
Chalazacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Cosmacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		3	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Drepanephorus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Echinodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Gyropleurodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		2	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Heterodontus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bullhead Shark	111	242 Ma Middle Triassic	0 Ma Extant
Hoplonchus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Hybodopsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Lepracanthus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lispacanthus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian	359 Ma Late/Upper Devonian
Paracestracion ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	182 Ma Early Jurassic	156 Ma Jurassic
Proheterodontus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	168 Ma Middle Jurassic	168 Ma Middle Jurassic
Psilacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Pycnacanthus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Rhabdiodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Selachidea ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Strongyliscus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Strophodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		13	209 Ma Late/Upper Triassic	7.25 Ma Miocene
Styracodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)
Tropidodus ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1851	Heterodontidae Gray
1902	Heterodontidae Hay p. 298
1912	Heterodontidae Fedorowski p. 55
1963	Heterodontidae Jordan p. 595
1966	Heterodontidae Cassier p. 51
1975	Heterodontidae Herman p. 17
1981	Heterodontidae Thurmond and Jones p. 42
1983	Heterodontidae Thies p. 28

Year	Name and Author
1993	Heterodontidae Biddle p. 201
2002	Heterodontidae Underwood
2003	Heterodontidae Delsate p. 8
2004	Heterodontidae Underwood and Ward p. 460
2006	Heterodontidae Underwood p. 234
2008	Heterodontidae Kriwet p. 236
2009	Heterodontidae Kriwet et al. p. 320
2019	Heterodontidae Ebersole et al. p. 15

References

Thurmond J. T., Jones D. E. (1981) , Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama, 1-244

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Fedorowski J. A. (1912) Zeuglodon-Reste aus dem Kreise Zmijew, Gouvernement Charkow, Arbeiten der Naturforscher-Gesellschaft an der Kaiserlichen Universitat Charkow 45, 253-287

Jordan D. S. (1963) The Genera of Fishes and a Classification of Fishes, Stanford University Press, 1-816

Cassier F. C. (1966) Faune Ichthyologique du London Clay, 1-496

Herman J. (1975) Les Selaciens de sterrains neocretaces and paleocenes de Belgique and des contrees limitrophes Elements d'une biostratigraphie intercontinentale, Memoires pour servier a l'explications des Cartes geologiques et minieres de la Belgique 15, 1-401

Thies D. (1983) Jurazeitliche Neoselachier aus Deutschland und S-England (Jurassic neoselachians from German and S-England), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 58, 1-116

Biddle J. P. (1993) Les Elasmobranches de l'Albien inferieur et moyen (Cretace inferieur) de la Marne et de la Haute-Marne (France), Belgian Geological Survey 264, 191-240

Underwood C. J. (2002) Sharks, rays and a chimaeroid from the Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Ringstead, Southern England, Palaeontology 45 2, 297-325

Delsate D. (2003) Une nouvelle faune des poissons et requins Toarciens du sud du Luxembourg (Dudelange) et de L'Allemange (Schömberg), Bulletin de l'Académie Lorrain des Sciences 42, 13-49

Underwood C. J., Ward D. J. (2004) Neoselachian sharks and rays from the British Bathonian (Middle Jurassic), Palaeontology 47 3, 447-501

Underwood C. J. (2006) Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Paleobiology 32 2, 215-235

Kriwet J. (2008) Anew species of extinct bullhead sharks, Paracestracion viohli sp. nov. (Neoselachii, Heterodontiformes), from the Upper Jurassic of South Germany, Acta Geologica Polonica 58 2, 235-241

Kriwet J., Nunn E. V., et al (2009) Neoselachians (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Lower and lower Upper Cretaceous of north-eastern Spain, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 2, 316-347 doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00439.x

Ebersole J. A., Cicimurri D. J., et al (2019) Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths, European Journal of Taxonomy 585, 1-274 doi:10.5852/ejt.2019.585

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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