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Emarginula

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Description

Emarginula is a genus of small keyhole limpets, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Fissurellidae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emarginula, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2293442	https://www.gbif.org/species/2293442
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	8773	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=8773

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Emarginula

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Emarginulinae : Emarginula

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Orthogastropoda	Ponder and Lindberg 1997
superorder	Vetigastropoda	Salvini-Plawen 1980
superfamily	Fissurelloidea	(Fleming 1822)
family	Fissurellidae	Fleming 1822
family	Emarginulinae
tribe	Emarginulini	Children 1834
genus	Emarginula	Lamarck 1801

Scientific Name

Emarginula Lamarck, 1801

Name Published In

Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de M. de. 1801. Systéme des animaux sans vertèbres. Deterville, Paris.: i-viii; 1-432; pls. 1-6.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Emarginulidae	stated without evidence	Martin, 1904
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Emarginulinae	stated with evidence	Knight et al., 1960
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated without evidence	Weisbord, 1962
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1966
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated without evidence	Fleming, 1966
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated with evidence	Szabo, 1980
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated without evidence	Beu et al., 1990
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Emarginulidae	implied	Wilson, 1993
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated with evidence	Squires and Goedert, 1994
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Emarginulidae	stated with evidence	Squires and Goedert, 1995
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Fissurellidae	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Archaeogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Emarginula	genus	belongs to Emarginulini	stated with evidence	Bouchet et al., 2005

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

11 (27%)

First Recorded Appearance

237 - 232 Ma
Late/Upper Triassic

Motility

facultatively mobile

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

grazer, carnivore

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: Grazer on rock, rubble, or coral substrates and browsing carnivore according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Common Name(s)

Ausschnittsschnecken, Schlitzschnecken, Slit Limpets

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emarginula

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Emarginula (Altomarginula) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)
Emarginula (Arginula) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Emarginula (Emarginula) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		15	197 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula (Semperia) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		3	61.6 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula (Subzeidora) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula (Tauschia) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)		2	199 Ma Early Jurassic	199 Ma Early Jurassic
Emarginula abnormis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula aculeata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula adamsiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula adriatica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula agulhasensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula alba species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula amyda species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula angusta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula apolonia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula arnaudi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula bellula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula bicancellata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula bonfittoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula brebioni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula camilla species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula candida species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula caroliniana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula choristes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula christiaensi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula cinerea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula clathrata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Emarginula clathrataeformis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	13.7 Ma Miocene	13.7 Ma Miocene
Emarginula clypeata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Emarginula clypeus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula compressa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula compta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula concinna species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula conformis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula conica species	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Emarginula connectens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula connelli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula convexa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula coralliora species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula costata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Emarginula costulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula crassa species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula crassicostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula cucullata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula curvamen species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula curvata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula dahli species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula decorata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula devota species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula dictya species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula dilecta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula divae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula dotyhillsensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Emarginula dubia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula elegans ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Emarginula elongata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Emarginula espibosensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fenestrata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fissura species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula fissurata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fnigromaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fossorensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula foveolata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fragilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula fuliginea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula gabensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula galericulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula galeriformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula gigantea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula hataii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula hawaiiensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula haweraensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula hosoyai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula huzardii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula icosisculpta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula imaizumi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula imbricata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginella incisura species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula integra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula japonica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula jungcheni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula kaiparica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula kashimaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula kitteli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula komitica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula koon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula laevicostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula lata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula limburgensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula longifissa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula macclurgi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula maculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula marchmontensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula mareana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Emarginula marylandica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula meneghiniana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula micans species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula moluccensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula muensteri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	237 Ma Middle Triassic	235 Ma Late/Upper Triassic
Emarginula multiradiata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Emarginula multisquamosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula multistriata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula natalensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula nigromaculata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula nordica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula obovata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula occidentalis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula octaviana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula oppressa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula ornata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula ossea species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula paivana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula palia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula patula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula paucicostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula paucipunctata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula phrixodes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula phrygium species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula pilsbryi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula pittensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula pojetai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula poppeorum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula praesicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula puncticulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula punctulum species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula punctura ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula pustula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula radiata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula radiola ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Emarginula regia species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula renkeri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula retecosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula reticulata ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		2	47.8 Ma Eocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Emarginula rollandi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula rosea species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Emarginula scabricostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula scabriuscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula scabruiscula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula schlotheimi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula sexagenicostae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula sicula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula sinica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula solidula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula souberbiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula souverbiana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula spinosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula squammata ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Emarginula striatissima ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Emarginula striatula species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula sublaevis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula subtilitexta species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula superba species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula suspira species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula tenera species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula teneraeformis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula tenuicostata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula teramachii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula textilis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula thomasi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula thorektes species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula tosaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula tropica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Emarginula tuberculosa species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula undulata species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula vadanaei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Variegemarginula variegata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Emarginula varusensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula velascoensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula velascoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula viridicana species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Emarginula washingtoniana ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Emarginula xishaensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Emargiluna Locard, 1884	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Emargiluna*
Entomella Cotton, 1945	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Entomella*
Emarginulus Montfort, 1810	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Emarginulus*
Imarginula Gray, 1821	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Imarginula*
Notomella Cotton, 1957	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Notomella*
Subzeidora Iredale, 1924	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Subzeidora*
Marginula Aradas, 1846-7	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Marginula*
Emarginata Carpenter, 1859	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Emarginata*
Semperia Crosse, 1867	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : *Semperia*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1801	Emarginula Lamarck
1904	Emarginula Martin p. 269
1960	Emarginula Knight et al. p. 226
1962	Emarginula Weisbord p. 44
1966	Emarginula Fleming p. 36
1966	Emarginula Ladd p. 27
1980	Emarginula Szabo p. 66
1982	Emarginula Ladd p. 21
1990	Emarginula Beu et al. p. 402

Year	Name and Author
1993	Emarginula Wilson p. 54
1994	Emarginula Squires and Goedert p. 256
1995	Emarginula Pacaud and Le Renard p. 152
1995	Emarginula Squires and Goedert p. 261
2001	Emarginula Harzhauser and Mandic p. 690
2001	Emarginula Lozouet et al. p. 17
2001	Emarginula Todd
2002	Emarginula Sepkoski, Jr.
2005	Emarginula Bouchet et al. p. 70

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Knight J. B., Cox L. R., et al (1960) Systematic descriptions, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Mollusca I 1, 169-339

Weisbord N.E. (1962) Late Cenozoic gastropods from northern Venezuela, Bulletins of American Paleontology 42 193

Ladd H. S. (1966) Chitons and Gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from Western Pacific Islands, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 531, 1-98

Szabo J. (1980) Lower and Middle Jurassic Gastropods from the Bakony Mountains (Hungary). Part II. Pleurotomariacea and Fissurellacea (Archaeograstropoda), Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 72, 49-71

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Beu A. G., Maxwell P.A., et al (1990) Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 58

Wilson B. (1993) , Australian Marine Shells 1

Pacaud J.-M., Le Renard J. (1995) Révision des Mollusques Paléogénes du Bassin de Paris. IV - Liste systématique actualisée, Cossmanniana 3 4, 155-187

Squires R. L., Goedert J. L. (1995) New Species of Middle Eocene Gastropods from the Northern Doty Hills, Southwestern Washington, The Veliger 38 3, 254-269

Harzhauser M., Mandic O. (2001) Late Oligocene gastropods and bivalves from the Lower and Upper Austrian Molasse Basin, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Komimissionen 14, 671-795

Lozouet P., Lesport J.-F., et al (2001) Révision des Gastropoda (Mollusca) du stratotype de L'Aquitanien (Miocéne inf.) site de Saucats "Lariey", Gironde, France, Cossmanniana 8, 1-189

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P, et al (2005) A nomenclator and classification of gastropod family-group names, Malacologia 47 1-2, 1-368

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Syst. Anim. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Geiger & Thacker, 2005 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Système des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; Présentant leurs caractères essentiels et leur distribution, d'apres la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; Précédé du discours d'ouverture du Cours de Zoologie, donné dans le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle l'an 8 de la République. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris: viii + 432 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Karlsson, Anna (2004) Mollusker - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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