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Hexaplex

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Description

Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexaplex, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2304275	https://www.gbif.org/species/2304275
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	11199	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=11199

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Hexaplex

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Muricoidea	de Costa 1776
family	Muricidae	Rafinesque 1815
genus	Hexaplex	Perry 1810

Scientific Name

Hexaplex Perry, 1810

Name Published In

Perry G. (1810-1811). Arcana: or the Museum of Natural History. pls. 1-48 (= 1810), pls. 49-84 (= 1811), unnumbered text pages. London: James Stratford.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1968
Hexaplex	subgenus	belongs to Murex	stated without evidence	Abbott, 1974
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Muricinae	implied	Wilson, 1994
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Todd, 2001
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Neogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated with evidence	Landau et al., 2007
Hexaplex	genus	belongs to Muricidae	stated without evidence	Darragh, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

10 (37%)

First Recorded Appearance

66.0 - 61.6 Ma
Paleocene

Motility

actively mobile (based on Muricidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Muricidae)

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Gastropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

J. J. Sepkoski, Jr. 2002. A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology 363:1-560

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexaplex

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Hexaplex (Hexaplex) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		114	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) subgenus	listed (PBDB)		12	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex ambiguus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex angularis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex ardjunoi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex arietinus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex bifasciatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex bourgeoisi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex brassica species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex cichoreum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex conatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex duplex species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex erythrostomus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex etheringtoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex ewekoroensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex fulvescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex hertweckorum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Hexaplex isthmicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex katherinae species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex kuesterianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Hexaplex ledoni species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex megacerus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex nigritus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex pecchiolianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex princeps species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex puniceus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex radix species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex regius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Hexaplex rileyi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex rosarium species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex saharicus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex sampajanensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex stainforthi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex strausi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex tapparonii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex texanus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex tridentatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Hexaplex trunculus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Hexaplex turonensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex colei species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex engonatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex marksi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex vanuxemi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Murex veatchi species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Centronotus Swainson, 1833	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Centronotus*
Bassia Jousseaume, 1880	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Bassia*
Purpura Röding, 1798	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Purpura*
Muricantha Fischer, 1884	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Muricantha*
Truncularia Monterosato, 1917	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Truncularia*
Bassiella Wenz, 1941	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Bassiella*
Aaronia A.H.Verrill, 1950	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Aaronia*
Murithais Grant & Gale, 1931	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : *Murithais*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1811	Hexaplex Perry
1931	Murithais Grant and Gale p. 729
1950	Aaronia Verrill
1950	Murex (Aaronia) Verrill p. 4
1968	Hexaplex Vokes p. 92
1974	Murex (Hexaplex) Abbott p. 173

Year	Name and Author
1994	Hexaplex Wilson p. 31
2001	Hexaplex Todd
2002	Hexaplex Harzhauser p. 94
2002	Hexaplex Sepkoski, Jr.
2007	Hexaplex Landau et al. p. 7
2017	Hexaplex Darragh p. 76

References

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Vokes E. H. (1968) Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic region. Part IV - Hexaplex and Murexiella, Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 6 3, 85-126

Abbott R. T. (1974) , American Seashells: The marine Mollusca of the Alantic and Pacific coasts of North America, 1-663

Wilson B. (1994) , Australian Marine Shells 2

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Harzhauser M. (2002) Marine und brachyhaline Gastropoden aus dem Karpatium des Korneubuger Beckens und der Kreuzstettener Bucht (Österreich, Untermiozän), Beiträge zur Paläontologie 27, 61-159

Landau B., Houart R., et al (2007) The Early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, Southern Spain. Part 7: Muricidae, Palaeontos 11, 1-87

Darragh T. A. (2017) Further Mollusca from the late Eocene Pallinup Formation, Eucla Basin, Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum 32, 29-100 doi:10.18195/issn.0312-3162.32(1).2017.029-100

Iredale T. (1915). A commentary on Suter's Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 47: 417-497. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Perry G. (1810-1811). Arcana: or the Museum of Natural History. pls. 1-48 (= 1810), pls. 49-84 (= 1811), unnumbered text pages. London: James Stratford. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Perry G. (1810-1811). Arcana: or the Museum of Natural History. pls. 1-48 (= 1810), pls. 49-84 (= 1811), unnumbered text pages. London: James Stratford. - via World Register of Marine Species

Merle D., Garrigues B. & Pointier J.-P. (2011) Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the world. Part Muricinae. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 648 pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Aphia2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000: Brands, S. J. (compiler) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2006 version). Available online at http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (2002). A compendium of fossil marine animal genera. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363, 1-560. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Conchology, pl - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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