Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

BETA TEST - Fossil data and pages are very much experimental and under development. Please report any problems

Pipilo

Photos

Photo Gallery

Description

Pipilo is a genus of birds in the family Passerellidae (which also includes the American sparrows and juncos). It is one of two genera of birds usually identified as towhees.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipilo, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2491204	https://www.gbif.org/species/2491204
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	130734	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=130734

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Emberizidae : Pipilo

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Passerellidae : Pipilo

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
-	Terrestrornithes	Livezey and Zusi 2007
-	Dendrornithes
-	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
-	Picoclamatores	Livezey and Zusi 2007
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Passeriformes	Linnaeus 1758
family	Passerellidae	Cabanis 1851
genus	Pipilo	Vieillot 1816

Common Name

towhee

Scientific Name

Pipilo Vieillot, 1816

Name Published In

Vieillot, Louis P. 1816. Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire. Deterville, Paris.: 1-70.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Pipilo	genus	belongs to Fringillidae	stated without evidence	Parmalee and Klippel, 1982
Pipilo	genus	belongs to Passerellidae	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

4 (67%)

First Recorded Appearance

0.78 - 0.13 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Coelurosauria)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

P. W. Parmalee and W. E. Klippel. 1982. Evidence of a Boreal Avifauna in Middle Tennessee during the Late Pleistocene. The Auk 99(2):365-368

Common Name(s)

Towhee, Towhees

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipilo

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Pipilo angelensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0.30 Ma Pleistocene
Pipilo chlorurus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Green-tailed Towhee	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pipilo erythrophthalmus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eastern Towhee	5	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pipilo hyperythra species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pipilo maculatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Spotted Towhee	1	0.30 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Pipilo naufragus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Bermuda Towhee	23	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Pipilo ocai species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pipilo socorroensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pipilo torquatus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pipilo virescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Chlorurus	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Emberizidae : *Chlorurus*
Pipillo Vieillot, 1818	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Emberizidae : *Pipillo*
Chlorura P.L.Sclater, 1862	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Passeriformes : Emberizidae : *Chlorura*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1816	Pipilo Vieillot
1982	Pipilo Parmalee and Klippel p. 366
2017	Pipilo Clements et al.

References

Parmalee P. W., Klippel W. E. (1982) Evidence of a Boreal Avifauna in Middle Tennessee during the Late Pleistocene, The Auk 99 2, 365-368

Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Analyse - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

CoL2006 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/Monroe Jr. & Sibley, 1993 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

Quick NavTop Fossil Distribution Subtaxa Obsolete Names Synonymy List References

Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 6, 2024 00:34:56

Go to top of page