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Lutra

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Description

Lutra is a genus of otters, one of seven in the subfamily Lutrinae.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutra, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	8226627	https://www.gbif.org/species/8226627
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	41122	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41122

Rank

genus

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Lutra

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Synapsida	Osborn 1903
-	Therapsida
infraorder	Cynodontia
-	Epicynodontia	Hopson and Kitching 2001
infraorder	Eucynodontia	Kemp 1982
-	Probainognathia	Hopson 1990
-	Mammaliamorpha	Rowe 1988
-	Mammaliaformes	Rowe 1988
class	Mammalia	Linnaeus 1758
subclass	Tribosphenida
infraclass	Eutheria
-	Placentalia	Owen 1837
-	Laurasiatheria	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Scrotifera	Waddell et al. 1999
-	Ferae	Linnaeus 1758
-	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
-	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora	Bowditch 1821
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
family	Mustelidae	Fischer 1817
subfamily	Lutrinae	Baird 1857
genus	Lutra	Brisson 1762

Common Name

otter

Scientific Name

Lutra Brisson, 1762

Name Published In

Brisson, Mathurin-Jacques. 1762. Regnum animale in classes IX. distributum, sive, Synopsis methodica : sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species. Cum brevi cujusque speciei descriptione, citationibus auctorum de iis tractantium, nominibus eis ab ipsis & nationibus impositis, nominibusque vulgaribus. Lugduni Batavorum. (Haak) Editio altera auctior: + 1-296.

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated without evidence	Brisson, 1762
Lutra	subgenus	belongs to Mustela	stated with evidence	Kerr, 1792
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelina	stated without evidence	Gray, 1825
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated with evidence	Leidy, 1873
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrinae	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated without evidence	Kurten, 1968
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrinae	stated without evidence	Kurten and Anderson, 1980
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	implied	Carroll, 1988
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated without evidence	Vidal, 1991
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrini	stated without evidence	Willemsen, 1992
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated without evidence	Geraads, 1997
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrini	stated with evidence	Baskin, 1998
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrinae	stated with evidence	Marmi et al., 2004
Lutra	genus	belongs to Lutrini	stated without evidence	Pickford, 2007
Lutra	genus	belongs to Mustelidae	stated without evidence	Werdelin and Peigne, 2010

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

Extant Size (PBDB)

3 (18%)

First Recorded Appearance

28.4 - 23.0 Ma
Cenozoic

Environment

terrestrial (based on Eutheria)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)

Diet

carnivore, omnivore (based on Mustelidae)

Taphonomy

phosphatic (based on Vertebrata)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

M. J. Brisson. 1762. Regnum Animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica, Ed. 2

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutra

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Cyrnolutra castiglionis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra affinis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	8.70 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Lutra brasiliensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra bravardi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	3.20 Ma Pliocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Lutra bressana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Lutra castiglionis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Lutra chilensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra fatimazohrae ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Lutra franconica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Lutra gambianus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra hessica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lutra licenti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lutra lovii species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra lutra species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	European Otter	8	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lutra lybica ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lutra maculicollis species	listed (PBDB)		3	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lutra nippon species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra palaeindica species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra palaeoleptonyx ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Lutra parvicuspus species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra piscinaria ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		45	5.33 Ma Miocene	1.80 Ma Pleistocene
Lutra poensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra simplicidens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Lutra simung species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutra sumatrana ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Nesolutra euxena ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Lutronectes Gray, 1867-01	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lutronectes*
Latra Zimmermann, 1780	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Latra*
Sutra Oken, 1838	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Sutra*
Lataxina Gervais, 1855	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lataxina*
Leutronectes Gray, 1869	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Leutronectes*
Lutrix Rafinesque, 1815	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lutrix*
Nesolutra Bate, 1935	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Nesolutra*
Mamlutraus Herrera, 1899	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Mamlutraus*
Lutra Brünnich, 1771	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lutra*
Lutris Duméril, 1806	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Lutris*
Loutra Schinz, 1824	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : *Loutra*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1762	Lutra Brisson
1792	Mustela (Lutra) Kerr
1805	Lutris Dumeril
1815	Lutrix Rafinesque
1825	Lutra Gray p. 339
1855	Lataxina Gervais
1865	Barangia Gray
1865	Hydrogale Gray
1865	Latax Gray
1865	Nutria Gray
1867	Lutronectes Gray
1873	Lutra Leidy p. 316
1902	Lutra Hay p. 768
1921	Hydrictis Pocock

Year	Name and Author
1935	Nesolutra Bate
1968	Lutra Kurten p. 105
1977	Nesolutra Malatesta
1980	Lutra Kurten and Anderson p. 158
1988	Hydrictis Carroll
1988	Lutra Carroll
1991	Lutra Vidal p. 6
1992	Lutra Willemsen p. 12
1997	Lutra Geraads p. 153
1998	Lutra Baskin p. 161
2004	Lutra Marmi et al. p. 492
2007	Lutra Pickford p. 122 figs. Fig. 23
2010	Lutra Werdelin and Peigne p. 620
2014	Lutra Koretsky and Domning p. 227

References

Brisson M. J. , Regnum Animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica, Ed. 2

Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344

Leidy J. Part I. Contributions to the extinct vertebrate fauna of the western territories, Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 1, 1-358

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Kurten B. (1968) Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 1-317

Malatesta A. (1977) The skeleton of Nesolutra ichnusae n. sp., a Quaternary otter discovered in Sardinia, Geologica Romana 16, 173-209

Kurten B., Anderson E. (1980) , Pleistocene mammals of North America, 1-442

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Vidal O. (1991) Catalog of osteological collections of aquatic mammals from Mexico, NOAA Technical Reports NMFS 97, 1-36

Willemsen G. F. (1992) A revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe, Scripta Geologica 101, 1-115

Geraads D. (1997) Carnivores du Pliocene terminal de Ahl al Oughlam (Casablanca, Maroc), Géobios 30 1, 127-164

Baskin J. A. (1998) Mustelidae, Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, 152-173

Marmi J., López-Giráldez J. F., et al (2004) Phylogeny, evolutionary history and taxonomy of the Mustelidae based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene and a complex repetitive flanking region, Zoologica Scripta 33 6, 481-499

Pickford M. (2007) Revision of the Mio-Pliocene bunodont otter-like mammals of the Indian Subcontinent, Estudios Geologicos 63 1, 83-127

Werdelin L., Peigne S. (2010) Carnivora, Cenozoic Mammals of Africa, 603-657

Koretsky I. A., Domning D. P. (2014) One of the oldest seals (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the Old World, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 1, 224-229 doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.787428

Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds., 2005: null. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2. 2142. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Wilson D.E. & Reeder D.A.M. (1993). Mammals species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp. - via World Register of Marine Species

Hall, R. (2004) Däggdjur - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library]. - via World Register of Marine Species

van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species

Nomenclator Zoologicus. A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus, 1758 to the end of 2004. Digitised by uBio from vols. 1-9 of Neave (ed.), 1939-1996 plus supplementary digital-only volume. http://ubio.org/NomenclatorZoologicus (as at 2006). - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997 - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (editors). (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd Ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2,142 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Reg. Anim. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

SN2000/McKenna & Bell, 1997, PaleoDB - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

as per family (except Lontra, Enhydra) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Opinion 1894 Regnum Animale?, Ed. 2 (M. J. Brisson, 1762): rejected for Nomenciatural purposes, with the conservation of the Mammalian generic names Philander (Marsupialia), Pteropus (Chiroptera), Glis, Cuniculus and Hydrochoerus (Rodentia), Meles, Lutra and Hyaena (Carnivora), Tapirus (Perissodactyla), Tragulus and Giraffa (Artiodactyla).Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(1), 64-71 (1998) - via Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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