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Cygnus paloregonus ✝

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Description

Cygnus paloregonus is a fossil swan. It is an ancestor distantly allied to the mute swan. It is known from the Pleistocene from Fossil Lake, Oregon, Froman's Ferry, Idaho and from Arizona. It is referred to by Hildegarde Howard in Delacour's The Waterfowl of the World as "probably the mute type swan".

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_paloregonus, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	8519091	https://www.gbif.org/species/8519091
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	229909	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=229909

Rank

species

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : Cygnus paloregonus

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : Cygnus paloregonus

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Galloanserae	Sibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorder	Galloanserimorphae
order	Anseriformes	Wagler 1831
family	Anatidae	Vigors 1825
subfamily	Anserinae	Vigors 1825
tribe	Cygninae
genus	Cygnus	Garsault 1764
species	Cygnus paloregonus	Cope 1878

Generic Name

Cygnus

Scientific Name

Cygnus paloregonus (Cope, 1878)

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Cygnus paloregonus	species	belongs to Cygnus	stated without evidence	Cope, 1878
Cygnus paloregonus	species	belongs to Olor	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Cygnus paloregonus	species	belongs to Cygnus	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Cygnus paloregonus	species	belongs to Sthenelides	stated without evidence	Howard, 1946
Cygnus paloregonus	species	belongs to Cygnus	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1964

Status (PBDB)

extinct

Taxon Size (PBDB)

First Recorded Appearance

0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Last Recorded Appearance

0.13 - 0.01 Ma
Pleistocene

Environment

freshwater (based on Anserinae)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

folivore, granivore (based on Anserinae)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

E. D. Cope. 1878. Descriptions of new extinct Vertebrata from the Upper Tertiary and Dakota Formations. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4(2):379-396

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_paloregonus

Fossil Distribution

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Olor paleocygnus Lindgren, 1900	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : *Olor paleocygnus*
Sthenelides paloregonus (Cope, 1878)	GBIF	species	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : Cygnus : *Sthenelides paloregonus*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1878	Cygnus paloregonus Cope
1900	Olor paleocygnus Lindgren
1902	Olor paloregonus Hay p. 530
1933	Cygnus paloregonus Lambrecht p. 388
1946	Sthenelides paloregonus Howard p. 160
1964	Cygnus paloregonus Brodkorb p. 210
1972	Cygnus paloregonus Howard p. 9

References

Cope E. D. Descriptions of new extinct Vertebrata from the Upper Tertiary and Dakota Formations, Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 4 2, 379-396

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Howard H. (1946) A review of the Pleistocene birds of Fossil Lake, Oregon, Carnegie Institution of Washington PUblication 551, 141-195

Brodkorb P. (1964) Catalogue of Fossil Birds. Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes), Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 8 3, 195-335

Howard H. (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 1-27

E. D. Cope (1878) Descriptions of new extinct Vertebrata from the Upper Tertiary and Dakota Formations: Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 2: 379--396 - via Catalogue of Life

H. Howard (1972) Type specimens of avian fossils in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Contributions in Science: 1--27 - via Catalogue of Life

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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