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Anatidae

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Description

The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating on the water surface, and in some cases diving in at least shallow water. The family contains around 146 species in 43 genera. (The magpie goose is no longer considered to be part of the Anatidae and is now placed in its own family, Anseranatidae.)

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	2986	https://www.gbif.org/species/2986
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	39624	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39624

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF,PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Triploblastica	Lankester 1877
-	Nephrozoa	Jondelius et al. 2002
-	Deuterostomia	Grobben 1908
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1847
subphylum	Vertebrata	Lamarck 1801
superclass	Gnathostomata	Gegenbauer 1874
-	Osteichthyes
-	Sarcopterygii	Romer 1955
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha
-	Tetrapoda
-	Reptiliomorpha	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Anthracosauria	Säve-Söderbergh 1934
-	Batrachosauria
-	Cotylosauria
-	Amniota	Haeckel 1866
-	Sauropsida	Huxley 1864
class	Reptilia	Laurenti 1768
subclass	Eureptilia
-	Romeriida	Gauthier et al. 1988
-	Diapsida
-	Eosuchia
-	Neodiapsida	Benton 1985
-	Sauria	Gauthier 1984
-	Archosauromorpha
-	Crocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
-	Eucrocopoda	Ezcurra 2016
-	Archosauria
informal	Avemetatarsalia	Benton 1999
-	Ornithodira	Gauthier 1986
-	Dinosauromorpha	Benton 1985
-	Dinosauriformes	Novas 1992
-	Dinosauria
-	Saurischia
-	Theropoda
-	Neotheropoda	Bakker 1986
-	Averostra	Paul 2002
-	Tetanurae	Gauthier 1986
order	Avetheropoda	Paul 1988
suborder	Coelurosauria	Huene 1914
-	Maniraptora	Gauthier 1986
-	Paraves	Sereno 1997
class	Aves	Linnaeus 1758
-	Pygostylia	Chiappe 2002
-	Ornithothoraces	Chiappe and Calvo 1994
-	Ornithuromorpha	Chiappe et al. 1999
subclass	Ornithurae	Haeckel 1866
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
-	Neognathae
-	Galloanserae	Sibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorder	Galloanserimorphae
order	Anseriformes	Wagler 1831
family	Anatidae	Vigors 1825

Scientific Name

Anatidae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anatoidea	stated without evidence	Hay, 1902
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Lambrecht, 1933
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Brodkorb, 1964
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Howard, 1968
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Brunet, 1970
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Howard, 1972
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	implied	Carroll, 1988
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Bickart, 1990
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated with evidence	Olson and James, 1991
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Baird, 1992
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anatoidea	stated with evidence	Livezey, 1997
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Tambussi, 1998
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	implied	Peterson, 1999
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Matsuoka et al., 2001
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Mourer-Chauviré et al., 2004
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anatoidea	stated with evidence	Clarke et al., 2005
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Worthy et al., 2007
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseres	stated without evidence	Noriega and Tambussi, 2008
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Louchart et al., 2008
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated with evidence	Eo et al., 2009
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Göhlich, 2009
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anatoidea	stated without evidence	Cenizo and Agnolín, 2010
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Stidham et al., 2010
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated with evidence	Mayr and Pavia, 2014
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	del Hoyo et al., 2014
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated with evidence	Watanabe and Matsuoka, 2015
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated without evidence	Stidham and Zelenkov, 2016
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anatoidea	stated without evidence	Worthy et al., 2017
Anatidae	family	belongs to Anseriformes	stated with evidence	Clements et al., 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

398

Extant Size (PBDB)

182 (46%)

First Recorded Appearance

46.2 - 40.4 Ma
Eocene

Environment

terrestrial (based on Theropoda)

Motility

actively mobile (based on Theropoda)

Diet

herbivore (based on Anseriformes)

Reproduction

oviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)

Ontogeny

accretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)

Taphonomy

hydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution

Common Name(s)

Andefamilien, Eenden, Ganzen En Zwanen, Swans, Geese & Ducks, änder, Gäss Och Svanar, カモ, Ducks, Geese, Swans, Waterfowl, Canards, Cygnes, Ducks, Geese, Oies, Swans, Andfåglar

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatidae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Anatinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Duck	679	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Anserinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Goose	266	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Cereopsinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Dendrocheninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Dendrocygninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Whistling Duck	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Eonessinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Erismaturinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Fuligulinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Merganettinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Oxyurinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)	Stiff-tailed Duck	18	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Plectropterinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	29.0 Ma Oligocene	29.0 Ma Oligocene
Romainvillinae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Stictonettinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tadorninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		36	28.4 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Thalassorninae ✝ subfamily	listed (PBDB)
Afrocygnus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	7.25 Ma Miocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Aix genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Aldabranas ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Alopochen genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Amazonetta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anabernicula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Anas genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		284	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Ankonetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Anser genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Archaeocycnus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Asarcornis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Australotadorna ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Aythya genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		115	8.70 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Bambolinetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	7.75 Ma Miocene	7.75 Ma Miocene
Biziura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Branta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		79	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Brantadorna ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Bucephala genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cairina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Callonetta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cayaoa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Centrornis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Cereopsis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Cape Barren Goose			0 Ma Extant
Chelychelynechen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Chen genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chendytes ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		27	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Chenonetta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Chenopis genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Chenopis genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Chloephaga genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Clangula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		12	13.7 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cnemiornis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Coscoroba ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cyanochen genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Cygnavus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Cygnopterus ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Cygnus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Dendrochen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	28.4 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Dendrocygna genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		17	6.80 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Dunstanetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	19.0 Ma Miocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Eonessa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	46.2 Ma Eocene	46.2 Ma Eocene
Eremochen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Fuligula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Geochen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Helonetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	4.90 Ma Pliocene	4.90 Ma Pliocene
Heteronetta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Histrionicus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Hymenolaimus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lophodytes genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lophonetta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Loxornis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	29.0 Ma Oligocene	29.0 Ma Oligocene
Malacorhynchus genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Malacorhynchus genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Manuherikia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	19.0 Ma Miocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Mareca genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		38	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Marmaronetta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Matanas ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	19.0 Ma Miocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Melanitta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Scoter	56	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Merganetta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Merganser genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mergellus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Mergus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Merganser	48	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mionetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Mioquerquedula ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Miotadorna ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	19.0 Ma Miocene	19.0 Ma Miocene
Nannonetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Neochen genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Netta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	1.81 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Nettapus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Nettion genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Nogusunna ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Nomonyx genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Nyroca genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Nyroca genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Ocyplonessa ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Merganser	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Olar genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Oressochen genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Oxyura genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		13	4.90 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Pachyanas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Paracygnopterus ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Pinpanetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Plectropterus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Polysticta genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Presbychen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Protomelanitta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	16.0 Ma Miocene	13.6 Ma Miocene
Ptaiochen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	0.01 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Pteronetta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Hartlaub's Duck			0 Ma Extant
Querquedula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Rhodonessa genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Salvadorina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Sarkidiornis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		3	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sharganetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Shiriyanetta ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Sibirionetta genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Sinanas ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Somateria genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Eider	15	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Spatula genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		65	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Speculanas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Stictonetta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Tachyeres genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Tadorna genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Talpanas genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Teleornis ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Thalassornis genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Thambetochen ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		5	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.01 Ma Pleistocene
Wasonaka genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser albifrons x Branta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser erythropus x Branta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser canagicus x Branta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser anser x Branta canadensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser albifrons x Branta canadensis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta leucopsis x Anser caerulescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Anser anser x Branta leucopsis species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Branta canadensis x Anser caerulescens species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Aldabranus cabri species	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Marica Koch, 1836	GBIF	genus	Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Anseriformes : Anatidae : *Marica*

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1825	Anatidae Vigors
1902	Anatidae Hay p. 529
1933	Anatidae Lambrecht p. 351
1933	Anatidae Wetmore p. 8
1955	Anatidae Brodkorb p. 18
1964	Anatidae Brodkorb p. 205
1968	Anatidae Howard p. 14
1970	Anatidae Brunet p. 24
1972	Anatidae Howard p. 9
1977	Anatidae Alvarez p. 214
1978	Anatidae Alvarez and Olson p. 522
1979	Anatidae Campbell
1982	Anatidae Olson and James p. 33
1987	Anatidae Howard and Barnes p. 3
1988	Anatidae Carroll
1990	Anatidae Bickart p. 12
1990	Anatidae Chandler p. 125
1991	Anatidae Olson and James p. 28
1992	Anatidae Baird p. 24
1992	Anatidae Emslie p. 253
1992	Anatidae Guthrie p. 321
1992	Anatidae Parmalee p. 309
1997	Anatidae Livezey p. 398
1998	Anatidae Tambussi p. 22
1999	Anatidae Peterson
2001	Anatidae Matsuoka et al. p. 1
2001	Anatidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 282
2004	Anatidae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 308
2005	Anatidae Clarke et al. p. 307
2007	Anatidae Livezey and Zusi p. 90
2007	Anatidae Worthy et al. p. 8
2008	Anatidae Louchart et al. p. 158
2008	Anatidae Mourer-Chauviré
2008	Anatidae Noriega and Tambussi p. 273
2009	Anatidae Eo et al.
2009	Anatidae Göhlich p. 510
2009	Anatidae Worthy p. 416
2010	Anatidae Cenizo and Agnoli?n p. 499
2010	Anatidae Stidham et al. p. 5
2011	Anatidae Zelenkov p. 191
2012	Anatidae Zelenkov p. 520
2012	Anatidae Zelenkov and Kurochkin p. 422
2014	Anatidae Mayr and Pavia p. 917
2014	Anatidae Stidham and Ni
2014	Anatidae del Hoyo et al.
2015	Anatidae Watanabe and Matsuoka pp. e994745-4
2016	Anatidae Stidham and Zelenkov
2017	Anatidae Clements et al.
2017	Anatidae Worthy et al.
1825	Anatidae Vigors
1902	Anatidae Hay p. 529
1933	Anatidae Lambrecht p. 351

Year	Name and Author
1933	Anatidae Wetmore p. 8
1940	Anatidae Wetmore p. 19
1955	Anatidae Brodkorb p. 18
1956	Anatidae Wetmore p. 24
1964	Anatidae Brodkorb p. 205
1968	Anatidae Howard p. 14
1970	Anatidae Brunet p. 24
1972	Anatidae Howard p. 9
1976	Anatidae Harrison and Walker p. 337
1977	Anatidae Alvarez p. 214
1978	Anatidae Alvarez and Olson p. 522
1979	Anatidae Campbell
1982	Anatidae Olson and James p. 33
1984	Anatidae Cheneval p. 96
1987	Anatidae Howard and Barnes p. 3
1988	Anatidae Carroll
1990	Anatidae Bickart p. 12
1990	Anatidae Chandler p. 125
1991	Anatidae Olson and James p. 28
1992	Anatidae Baird p. 24
1992	Anatidae Emslie p. 253
1992	Anatidae Guthrie p. 321
1992	Anatidae Parmalee p. 309
1997	Anatidae Livezey p. 398
1998	Anatidae Tambussi p. 22
1999	Anatidae Peterson
2001	Anatidae Matsuoka et al. p. 1
2001	Anatidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 282
2004	Anatidae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 308
2005	Anatidae Clarke et al. p. 307
2007	Anatidae Livezey and Zusi p. 90
2007	Anatidae Worthy et al. p. 8
2008	Anatidae Louchart et al. p. 158
2008	Anatidae Mourer-Chauviré
2008	Anatidae Noriega and Tambussi p. 273
2009	Anatidae Eo et al.
2009	Anatidae Göhlich p. 510
2009	Anatidae Worthy p. 416
2010	Anatidae Cenizo and Agnoli?n p. 499
2010	Anatidae Stidham et al. p. 5
2011	Anatidae Zelenkov p. 191
2012	Anatidae Zelenkov p. 520
2012	Anatidae Zelenkov and Kurochkin p. 422
2014	Anatidae Mayr and Pavia p. 917
2014	Anatidae Stidham and Ni
2014	Anatidae del Hoyo et al.
2015	Anatidae Watanabe and Matsuoka pp. e994745-4
2016	Anatidae Stidham and Zelenkov
2017	Anatidae Clements et al.
2017	Anatidae Worthy et al.
2020	Anatidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 75

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698

Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868

Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024

Wetmore A. (1933) Pliocene bird remains from Idaho, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 87 20, 1-12

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Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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