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Conus

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Conus sp.

Arroios, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Conus sp.

Arroios, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Conus sp.

Arroios, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	10963	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=10963

Rank

genus (PBDB)

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Conidae : Conus

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Gastropoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Prosobranchia	Milne-Edwards 1848
superorder	Caenogastropoda	Cox 1959
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Conidae	Fleming 1822
genus	Conus	Linnaeus 1758

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Martin, 1904
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Palmer, 1937
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Turner, 1938
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Olsson and Harbison, 1953
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Olsson, 1967
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Woodring, 1970
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Addicott, 1970
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Jung, 1971
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Marasti, 1973
Conus	genus	belongs to Coninae	stated with evidence	Hoerle, 1976
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Hickman, 1980
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Ladd, 1982
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1984
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Perrilliat, 1987
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Perrilliat, 1992
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	implied	Wilson, 1994
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Petuch, 1997
Conus	genus	belongs to Neogastropoda	second hand	Sepkoski, 2002
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser, 2004
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Vera-Peláez et al., 2004
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Beu, 2005
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Wienrich and Janssen, 2007
Conus	genus	belongs to Coninae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser, 2007
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Hendricks, 2008
Conus	genus	belongs to Coninae	stated with evidence	Harzhauser et al., 2009
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated with evidence	Puillandre et al., 2015
Conus	genus	belongs to Conidae	stated without evidence	Darragh, 2017

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

305

Extant Size (PBDB)

73 (24%)

First Recorded Appearance

113 - 101 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous

Motility

actively mobile (based on Conidae)

Vision

limited (based on Gastropoda)

Diet

carnivore (based on Conidae)

Ecospace Comments

DIMENSIONS & MORPHOLOGY: Based on ten randomly selected figured species.

Taphonomy

intermediate (based on Conus)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Conus (Asprella) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	6	33.9 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Atlanticonus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	9	23.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus (Chelyoconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	45	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Cleobula) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Conolithes) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	42	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Contraconus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	31	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Conus (Conus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	6	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Dauciconus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	9	7.25 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus (Dendroconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	19	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Ductoconus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	2	7.25 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus (Hemiconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	16	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Lautoconus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus (Leptoconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	61	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Lithoconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	131	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Magelliconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus (Spuriconus) ✝ subgenus	listed (PBDB)	7	7.25 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus (Stephanoconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	16	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Virgiconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus (Ximeniconus) subgenus	listed (PBDB)	6	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus achatinus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus acolus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus acrotholoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus acutangulus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conus aemulator ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	37	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus affinis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Conus agassizii species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus alaquaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus alleni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	41.3 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Conus almagrensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus ambonos ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus ammiralis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conus anabathrum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus ancylus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus aneuretos ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus angosturis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus anningae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus aquoreus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus archon ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conasprella arcuata species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus ardisiaceus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus arenatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus armentrouti ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Conus aulicus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus berryi species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus bhagothorensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Conus bocapanensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus boggsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus bonaczyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus bramkampi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus bravoi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	23	28.4 Ma Oligocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conasprella burckhardti species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	16.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus cacuminatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	23.0 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Conus caleocius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus canonicus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus capitanellus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus carcarensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	33.9 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus catenatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	11.6 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus catus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus cedonulli species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus chaldaeus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus chipolanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	49	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus clarki species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus coelinae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conus colombiensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus complicatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus conica ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Conus consobrinus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus cookei species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Conus corrugatus species	listed (PBDB)	8	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus costatus species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus crenospiratus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus cuspidatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus daucus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus delessertii species	listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus deluvianus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus demiurgus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	27	33.9 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus deperditus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus dingleanus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	16.0 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus distans species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus diversiformis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	15	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Conus dodona ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus draperi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus drezi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Conus dujardini ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	24	28.4 Ma Oligocene	7.25 Ma Miocene
Conus durhami ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus duvali species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus ebraeus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus eburneus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	16.0 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus emersoni species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus ermineus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus erugatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	17	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus evergladesensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus fergusoni species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus flavidus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus furvoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus fusiformis species	listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus gabbi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus gardnerae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	18	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus generalis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus gracilissimus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	5.33 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus granarius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus granozonatoides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus granozonatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	11.6 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus grateloupi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	38.0 Ma Eocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Conus guppyi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus harveyensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus herklotsi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus hertwecki ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus heterospira ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	28.4 Ma Oligocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus honkeri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus hornii ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	25	56.0 Ma Paleocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus hyshugari ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conasprella imitator ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	59	33.9 Ma Oligocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus imperialis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus infulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Conus interstinctus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus isomatratus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	38	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus jaclynae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus jaspideus species	listed (PBDB)	44	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus javanus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Conus juanensis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Conus junghuhni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus karlschmidti ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus largillierti species	listed (PBDB)	4	3.60 Ma Pliocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus larvatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus laurenae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus leonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus ligatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus limonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus lisboae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus lividus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus longisperatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus lyelli ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	7.25 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus magus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus marmoreus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus marylandicus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	5.33 Ma Miocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Conus marymansfeldae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus maureenae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conus mediterraneus species	listed (PBDB)	15	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus miles species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	2.59 Ma Pleistocene
Conus mindanus species	listed (PBDB)	1	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus molis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	72	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus musaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus musicus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	0.13 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus mustelinus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus nannus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus nemorideditus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus nussatella species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus oniscus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus ornatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus palmerae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	38.0 Ma Eocene	38.0 Ma Eocene
Conus parkeri ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus parvulus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	48.6 Ma Eocene	48.6 Ma Eocene
Conus patricius species	listed (PBDB)	4	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus paulae species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus pauperculus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus pernodosus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus perplexus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	6	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus pertusus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus peruvianus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	41.3 Ma Eocene	28.4 Ma Oligocene
Conus planiceps ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	9	28.1 Ma Oligocene	28.1 Ma Oligocene
Conus planorbis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus postalveatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	28.4 Ma Oligocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus praecipuus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus ptychodermis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	20.4 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus puncticulatus species	listed (PBDB)	4	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus pusillus species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus patricius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus quercinus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	5.33 Ma Miocene	0.78 Ma Pleistocene
Conus rachelae species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus rapunculus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus rattus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	10	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus regularis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	13	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus remondii species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	12	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus ruckmani ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Conus sarasotaensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eoconus sauridens ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	90	56.0 Ma Paleocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus scalaris ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	48.6 Ma Eocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus sextoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus smithvillensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	11	47.8 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Conus spenceri species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus spurius species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	29	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus spuroides ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus stibarus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus striatellus ✝ species	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus striatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus stromboides ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus submoniliferus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	13.8 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Conus sugillatus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	5.33 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Conus sulculus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	45	28.4 Ma Oligocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus susanae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus talis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	48	20.4 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus tapetus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	20	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus taphrus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus tessulatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	16.0 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus tjidamarensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus tortuosopunctatus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus trajectionis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	7	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus tricoratus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus trinitatensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	16.0 Ma Miocene	16.0 Ma Miocene
Conus tristensis species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus tuberacola ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	11.6 Ma Miocene	11.6 Ma Miocene
Conus tulipa ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	8	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus turbinopsis ✝ species	listed (PBDB)
Conus turritus ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus ultimus ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus vaderensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	4	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Conus vanattai ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus vanhyningi species	listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus vaughani species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	33.9 Ma Oligocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Conus veatchi ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	3	11.6 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Conus vegrandis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	14	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus venezuelanus species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)			0 Ma Extant
Conus vexillum species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	0.78 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus violetae ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus virgo ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	5	11.6 Ma Miocene	0.13 Ma Pleistocene
Conus vitius ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	20.4 Ma Miocene	20.4 Ma Miocene
Conus waltonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	16	20.4 Ma Miocene	13.8 Ma Miocene
Conus warreni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	47.8 Ma Eocene	47.8 Ma Eocene
Conus washingtonensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus weltoni ✝ species	listed (PBDB)	9	38.0 Ma Eocene	33.9 Ma Oligocene
Conus williamgabbi ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	2	23.0 Ma Miocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Conus wilsoni ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Conus ximenes species	listed (PBDB)	1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Conus yaquensis ✝ species	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	1	3.60 Ma Pliocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1758	Conus Linnaeus p. 712
1798	Cucullus Röding
1904	Conus Martin p. 145
1921	Conus Vredenburg p. 133
1922	Conus Woods p. 108
1928	Conus Woodring p. 201
1937	Conus Palmer p. 458
1938	Conus Turner p. 68
1939	Conus Mukerjee p. 82
1944	Conus Durham p. 188
1953	Conus Olsson and Harbison p. 169
1960	Conus MacNeil p. 121
1964	Conus Olsson p. 81
1967	Conus Abbass p. 119
1967	Conus Olsson pp. 19-20
1970	Conus Addicott p. 122
1970	Conus Woodring
1971	Conus Jung p. 209
1973	Conus Marasti p. 97
1976	Conus Hoerle p. 3
1980	Conus Hickman p. 78
1982	Conus Ladd p. 71
1984	Conus Squires p. 39
1987	Conus Perrilliat p. 19
1987	Conus Squires p. 50

Year	Name and Author
1987	Conus Ward and Blackwelder p. 132
1988	Conus Squires p. 17
1991	Leptoconus (Gradiconus) da Motta
1992	Conus Perrilliat p. 27
1992	Conus Squires and Demetrion p. 33
1992	Conus Ward p. 135
1994	Conus Wilson p. 198
1997	Conus Petuch p. 135
2001	Conus Harzhauser and Mandic p. 714
2001	Conus Todd
2002	Conus Sepkoski, Jr.
2004	Conus Harzhauser p. 142
2004	Jaspidiconus Petuch p. 292 figs. pl. 97, figs. F, I
2004	Spuriconus Petuch p. 294
2004	Conus Vera-Peláez et al. p. 258
2005	Conus Beu p. 151
2007	Conus Harzhauser p. 110
2007	Gradiconus Petuch and Roberts
2007	Conus Wienrich and Janssen p. 719
2008	Conus Hendricks p. 17
2008	Conus Hendricks and Portell p. 82
2009	Conus Harzhauser et al. p. 354
2010	Conus Landau and Marques da Silva p. 99
2015	Conus Puillandre et al. p. 5
2017	Conus Darragh p. 88

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542

Martin G. C. (1904) Gastropoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 131-269

Vredenburg E. (1921) Comparative diagnoses of Conidae and Cancellariidae from the Tertiary formations of Burma, Records of the Geological Survey of India 53, 130-141

Woods H. (1922) Section A. Mollusca from the Eocene and Miocene deposits of Peru. , Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary Periods in the Northwest Part of Peru, 51-113

Woodring W. P. (1928) Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results, Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies

Palmer K. V. (1937) The Claibornian Scaphopoda. Gastropoda and Dibranchiate Cephalopoda of the Southern United States, Bulletins of American Paleontology 7 32, 1-730

Turner F. E. (1938) Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon, Geological Society of America Special Paper 10, 1-130

Mukerjee P. N. (1939) Fossil fauna from the Tertiary of Garo Hills, Assam, Palaeontologia Indica 28 1, 1-101

Durham J. W. (1944) Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington, University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27, 101 -212

Olsson A. A., Harbison A. (1953) Pliocene Mollusca of Southern Florida, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monograph 8, 1-457

MacNeil F. S. (1960) Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa: A comparison of the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Gastropoda of Okinawa with related faunas of East Asia together with a resume of the geological setting of the fossiliferous deposits, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 339, 1-148

Olsson A. A. (1964) , Neogene Mollusks From Northwestern Ecuador

Abbass H. L. (1967) A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods, United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph 4, 1-154

Olsson A. A. (1967) , Some Tertiary mollusks from South Florida and the Carribean. Paleontological Research Institute, 1-61

Addicott W.O. (1970) Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California, United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642, 1-172

Woodring W. P. (1970) Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoing parts of Panama: Description of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Eulimidae, Marginellidae to Helminthoglyptidae)., United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 306 D, 299-452

Jung P. (1971) Fossil mollusks from Carriacou, West Indies, Bulletins of American Paleontology 61 269, 1-262

Marasti R. (1973) La fauna tortoniana del T. Stirone (limite Parmense-Piacentino), Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 12 1, 76-120

Hoerle S. E. (1976) The genus Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Alum Bluff Group of northwestern Florida, Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 12 1, 1-31

Hickman C. S. (1980) Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon, Bulletins of American Paleontology 78 310, 1-112

Ladd H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific Islands; Gastropods (Volutidae through Terebridae), United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1171, 1-100

Squires R. L. (1984) Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 350, 1-76

Perrilliat M.C. (1987) Gasteropodos y un cefalopodo de la formacion Ferrotepec (Mioceno Medio) de Michoacan, Paleontologia Mexicana 52, 1-58

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Squires R. L. (1988) Eocene Macropaleontology of Northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 398, 1-23

Perrilliat M. C. (1992) Bivalvos y gasterópodos de la formacion Ferrotepec (Mioceno Medio) de Michoacan, Paleontologia Mexicana 60, 1-48

Squires R. L., Demetrion R. A. (1992) Paleontology of the Eocene Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico, Contributions in Science (Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County) 434, 1-55

Ward L. W. (1992) Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Miocene Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America, Virginia Museum of Natural History 2

Wilson B. (1994) , Australian Marine Shells 2

Petuch E. J. (1997) A new gastropod fauna from an Oligocene back-reef lagoonal environment in west central Florida., The Nautilus 110 4, 122-138

Harzhauser M., Mandic O. (2001) Late Oligocene gastropods and bivalves from the Lower and Upper Austrian Molasse Basin, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlichen Komimissionen 14, 671-795

Todd J. A. (2001) Systematic list of gastropods in the Panama Paleontology Project collections

Sepkoski, Jr. J. J. (2002) A compendium of fossil marine animal genera, Bulletins of American Paleontology 363, 1-560

Harzhauser M. (2004) Oligocene gastropod faunas for the Eastern Mediterranean (Mesohellenic Trough/Greece and Esfahan-Sirjan Basin/Central Iran), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 248, 93-181

Petuch E. J. (2004) , Cenozoic Seas: The view from eastern North America

Vera-Peláez J. L., Lozano-Francisco M. C., et al (2004) Molluscos del Tirreniense (Pleistoceno Superior) de la Playa la Araña-Cala de Moral (Málaga), Revista Española de Paleontología 19 2, 251-259

Beu A. G. (2005) Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia, Scripta Geologica 130, 1-186

Harzhauser M. (2007) Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific., Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280, 75-121

Wienrich G., Janssen R. (2007) Die Fauna des marinen Miozäns von Kevelaer (Niederrhein). Band 4 Gastropoda ab Mitridae, Backhuys Publishers BV Leiden 4, 643-954

Hendricks J. R. (2008) The genus Conus (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) in the Plio-Pleistocene of the Southeastern United States, Bulletins of American Paleontology 375, 1-178

Hendricks J. R., Portell R. W. (2008) Late Eocene Conus (Neogastropoda: Conidae) from Florida, USA, The Nautilus 122 2, 79-93

Harzhauser M., Euter M., et al (2009) Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific, Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 83, 333-372

Landau B., Marques da Silva C. (2010) Early Pliocene gastropods of Cubagua, Venezuela: Taxonomy, palaeobiogeography and ecostratigraphy, Palaeontos 19, 1-221

Puillandre N., Duda T. F., et al (2015) One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails, Journal of Molluscan Studies 81, 1-21

Darragh T. A. (2017) Further Mollusca from the late Eocene Pallinup Formation, Eucla Basin, Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum 32, 29-100 doi:10.18195/issn.0312-3162.32(1).2017.029-100

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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