Stishovite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Stishovite
Formula:
SiO2
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
4.35
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Sergei Mikhailovich Stishov (Сергей Михайлович Стишов) (12 December 1937, Moscow, USSR -), crystallographer, Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia) who synthesized the compound. He has also worked the the Institute of High Pressure Physics of RAS.
Polymorph of:
Isostructural with:
Rutile Group. The Si analogue of argutite.
A high-pressure polymorph of SiO2. Found as microscopic grains in impact craters and in ultra-high pressure rocks.
Important component of subducted oceanic basalts. May potentially incorporate large (wt. percents level) of water and may thus play a key role in water transport / lower mantle storage on Earth (Lin et al., 2020).
A high-pressure polymorph of SiO2. Found as microscopic grains in impact craters and in ultra-high pressure rocks.
Important component of subducted oceanic basalts. May potentially incorporate large (wt. percents level) of water and may thus play a key role in water transport / lower mantle storage on Earth (Lin et al., 2020).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3790
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3790:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b990b6a8-5b81-4666-82d7-abde69fb70d1
IMA Classification of Stishovite
Approved
First published:
1962
Classification of Stishovite
4.DA.40
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
4.4.1.9
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.8.4
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Sti | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Stv | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Sti | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Sti | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Stishovite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=1700 - 2800 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
Synthetic; 2080 parallel to [001], 1700 perpendicular [001]
Density:
4.35 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.29 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Synthetic material
Optical Data of Stishovite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.799 - 1.800 nε = 1.826 - 1.845
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.027
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Chemistry of Stishovite
Mindat Formula:
SiO2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Stishovite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.1772(7) Å, c = 2.6651(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.638
Unit Cell V:
46.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Aggregates of submicron particles.
Comment:
Synthetic material
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001306 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 |  | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001307 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 1.7 | 293 | |
| 0001308 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 2.5 | 293 | |
| 0001309 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 4 | 293 | |
| 0001310 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 4.7 | 293 | |
| 0001311 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 9 | 293 | |
| 0001312 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 11 | 293 | |
| 0001313 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 15 | 293 | |
| 0001738 | Stishovite | Smyth J R, Swope R J, Pawley A R (1995) H in rutile-type compounds: II. Crystal chemistry of Al substitution in H-bearing stishovite American Mineralogist 80 454-456 | | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001739 | Stishovite | Smyth J R, Swope R J, Pawley A R (1995) H in rutile-type compounds: II. Crystal chemistry of Al substitution in H-bearing stishovite American Mineralogist 80 454-456 | | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007378 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007379 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007380 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007381 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007382 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007434 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007435 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007436 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007437 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008735 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0008736 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 5.23 | 293 | ||
| 0008737 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 9.26 | 293 | ||
| 0008738 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 12.3 | 293 | ||
| 0008739 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 29.1 | 293 | ||
| 0009403 | Stishovite | Baur W H, Khan A A (1971) Rutile-type compounds. VI. SiO2, GeO2 and a comparison with other rutile-type structures Acta Crystallographica B27 2133-2139 |  | 1971 | Meteor Crater, Arizona, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0013504 | Stishovite | Hill R J, Newton M D, Gibbs G V (1983) A crystal chemical study of stishovite Journal of Solid State Chemistry 47 185-200 | 1983 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.959 Å | (100) |
| 1.530 Å | (50) |
| 1.981 Å | (35) |
| 1.235 Å | (25) |
| 2.246 Å | (18) |
| 1.478 Å | (18) |
| 1.870 Å | (13) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 30 : Terrestrial impact minerals |
Geological Setting:
Meteorite impact craters
Type Occurrence of Stishovite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Aggregates of submicron size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A meteor impact crater in sandstone.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Chao, E.C.T., Fahey, J.J., Littler, J., Milton, E.J. (1962) Stishovite, a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, AZ. Journal of Geophysical Research: 67: 419-421.
Synonyms of Stishovite
Other Language Names for Stishovite
Relationship of Stishovite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Argutite | GeO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Paratellurite | TeO2 | Tet. 4 2 2 |
| Plattnerite | PbO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Rutile | TiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm |
| UM2000-35-O:FeNbScTaTi | (Sc,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn)(Ti,Sn,Zr)1.5(Nb,Ta,W)1.33O8 |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Stishovite associated with Coesite | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Magadiite | Na2Si14O29 · 11H2O |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Kenyaite | Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O |
| 2 photos of Stishovite associated with Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
| 2 photos of Stishovite associated with Troilite | FeS |
| 2 photos of Stishovite associated with Taenite | (Fe,Ni) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DA. | Chibaite | SiO2 · n(CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10) (n = 3/17 (max)) |
| 4.DA. | Carbon Dioxide Ice | CO2 |
| 4.DA. | Bosoite | SiO2 · nCxH2x+2 |
| 4.DA.05 | Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.10 | Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| 4.DA.10 | Tridymite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.15 | Cristobalite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.20 | Mogánite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.25 | Melanophlogite | 46SiO2 · 6(N2,CO2) · 2(CH4,N2) |
| 4.DA.30 | Lechatelierite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.35 | Coesite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.45 | Keatite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.50 | Seifertite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.55 | Quartz-beta | SiO2 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Forms at > 1200C and ~100 kilobars. Metastable, alters above 300C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stishovite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3790.html
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External Links:
References for Stishovite
Reference List:
Localities for Stishovite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Ohtani et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Cid et al. (2014) |
| Bulanova et al. (2010) |
| Thomson et al. (2014) | |
Canada | |
| Boonsue et al. (2012) |
Egypt | |
| Gian Paolo Sighinolfi et al. (2014) |
Germany | |
| Tschauner +4 other references |
| geosciences.smsu.edu (2004) |
| Stähle et al. (2008) | |
| Thomas et al. (2022) |
India | |
| Ma et al. (2021) |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Florenskii et al. (1980) |
Morocco | |
| Pang et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Baziotis et al. (2013) |
Nigeria | |
| Zhidong Xie et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Garvie +2 other references |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html | |
| Shohei Kaneko et al. (2011) +1 other reference | |
| Barrat et al. (2001) | |
| Jambon et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (2015) +5 other references | |
Russia | |
| Gurov et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Bindi et al. (2011) |
| Zamiatina et al. (2023) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Gnos et al. (2013) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| www.unb.ca (2002) | |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam +3 other references |
USA (TL) | |
| Chao et al. (1962) +5 other references |
| |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Corrigan et al. (2005) |
| Zhidong Xie et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
The Moon | |
| Kaneko et al. (2015) |
| Pang et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
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Muonionalusta meteorite, Kitkiöjärvi, Pajala, Norrbotten County, Sweden