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Stishovite

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Bisbee area, Warren District, Mule Mts, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA
© Peter Kohorst

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Formula:
SiO
 
2
System:TetragonalColour:Colourless
Hardness:7½ - 8
Name:Named after Sergei Mikhailovich Stishov, Crystallographer, Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia) who synthesized the compound.
Polymorph of:Coesite, Cristobalite, Quartz, Tridymite


Rutile Group.

A high-pressure polymorph of SiO2. Found as microscopic grains in impact craters and in ultra-high pressure rocks.

Classification of Stishovite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.01-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DA.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.1.9

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.8.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
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Type Occurrence of Stishovite

Type Locality:Meteor Crater (Barringer Crater), Coconino Co., Arizona, USA
Year of Discovery:1962

Occurrences of Stishovite

Geological Setting:Meteorite impact craters

Physical Properties of Stishovite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless
Hardness (Mohs):7½ - 8
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=1700 - 2800 kg/mm2
Comment:Synthetic; 2080 parallel to [001], 1700 perpendicular [001]
Density (measured):4.35 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.29 g/cm3
Comment:Synthetic material

Crystallography of Stishovite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:P42/mnm (P42/m 21/n 2/m)
Cell Parameters:a = 4.1772(7) Å, c = 2.6651(4) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.638
Unit Cell Volume:V 46.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Aggregates of submicron particles.
Comment:Synthetic material

Optical Data of Stishovite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.799 - 1.800 nε = 1.826 - 1.845
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.027

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Stishovite

Formula:
SiO
 
2
Essential elements:O, Si
All elements listed in formula:O, Si

Relationship of Stishovite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DA.05Quartz
SiO
 
2
4.DA.05Seifertite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.10Opal
SiO
 
2
·nH
 
2
O
4.DA.10Tridymite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.15Cristobalite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.20Mogánite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.25Melanophlogite
46SiO
 
2
·6(N
 
2
,CO
 
2
)·2(CH
 
4
,N
 
2
)
4.DA.30Lechatelierite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.35Coesite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.45Keatite
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.8.1Quartz
SiO
 
2
7.8.2Coesite
SiO
 
2
7.8.3Tridymite
SiO
 
2
7.8.5Cristobalite
SiO
 
2
7.8.6Lechatelierite
SiO
 
2
7.8.7Silhydrite
3SiO
 
2
·H
 
2
O
7.8.8Opal
SiO
 
2
·nH
 
2
O
7.8.9Mogánite
SiO
 
2

Other Names for Stishovite

Synonyms:
Stipoverite
German names:
StipoveritStishovit
Russian names:
Стишовит
Spanish names:
StipoveritaStishovita

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:Forms at > 1200C and ~100 kilobars. Metastable, alters above 300C.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Stishovite

Reference List:Chao, E.C.T. et al (1962), Stishovite, a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, AZ, Journal of Geophysical Research: 67: 419-421.

American Mineralogist (1962): 47: 807.

Fahey J.J. (1964), Recovery of coesite and stishovite from Coconino Sandstone of Meteor Crater, AZ, American Mineralogist: 49, 1643-1647.

Bohn, E. & W. Stöber (1966), Coesit und Stishovit als isolierte natürliche Mineralien, Neues Jahrb. Min., 89-96.

Nature: 272: 714-715.

Hemley, R.J., Mao, H.-K., and Chao, E.C.T. (1986) Raman spectrum of natural and synthetic stishovite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 13: 285-290.

Ross, N.L., Shu, J.F., Hazen, R.M., and Gasparik, T. (1990), High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite. American Mineralogist: 75: 739-747.

American Mineralogist (1990): 75: 951.

Pawley, A.R., Mcillan, P.F., and Holloway, J.R. (1993) Hydrogen in stishovite, with implications for mantle water content. Science: 261: 1024-1026.

Xue, X., Stebbins, J.F., and Kanzaki, M. (1993) A 29Si MAS NMR study of sub-Tg amorphization of stishovite at ambient pressure. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 19: 480-485.

Mao, H.-K., Shu, J., Hu, J., and Hemley, R.J. (1994), Single-crystal X-ray diffraction of stishovite to 65 GPa. Eos Transactions of the American Geophysical Union: 75: 662.

Kingma, K.J., Cohen, R.E., Hemley, R.J., and Mao, H.-K. (1995), Transformation of stishovite to a denser phase at lower-mantle pressures. Nature: 374: 243-245.

Lee, C. and Gonze, X. (1995), The pressure-induced ferroelastic phase transition of SiO2 stishovite. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter: 7: 3693-3698.

Dubrovinsky, L.S. and Belonoshko, A.B. (1996), Pressure-induced phase transition and structural changes under deviatoric stress of stishovite to CaCl2-like structure. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 60: 3657-3663.

Li, B., Rigden, S.M., and Liebermann, R.C. (1996), Elasticity of stishovite at high pressure. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors: 96: 113-127.

Zhang, J., Li, B., Utsumi, W., and Liebermann, R.C. (1996) In situ X-ray observations of the coesite-stishovite transition: reversed phase boundary and kinetics. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 23: 1-10.

Lee, C. and Gonze, X. (1997), SiO2 stishovite under high pressure: dielectric and dynamical properties and the ferroelastic phase transition. Physical review B: 56: 7321-7330.

Andrault, D., Fiquet, G., Guyot, F., and Hanfland, M. (1998), Pressure-induced Landau-type transition in stishovite. Science: 23: 720-724.

Carpenter, M.A., Hemley, R.J., and Mao, H.-K. (2000), High-pressure elasticity of stishovite and the P4 2/mnm ↔ Pnnm phase transition. Journal of Geophysical Research: 105: 10807-10816.

Chung, J.I. and Kagi, H. (2002) High concentration of water in stishovite in the MORB system. Geophysical Research Letters: 29, 2020, DOI: 10.1029/2002GL015579.

Andrault, D., Angel, R.J., Mosenfelder, J.L., and Le Bihan, T. (2003). Equation of state of stishovite to lower mantle pressures. American Mineralogist: 88: 301-307.

Stebbins, J.F., Du, L.-S., Kelsey, K., Kojitani, H., Akaogi, M., and Ono, S. (2006) Aluminum substitution in stishovite and MgSiO3 perovskite: High-resolution 27 Al NMR. American Mineralogist: 91: 337-343.

Internet Links for Stishovite

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    • Localities for Stishovite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Swabia
        • Nördlingen
          • Ries Crater
    		http://geosciences.smsu.edu/geology/FieldTrips/Ries/page2.html
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
      • Buldhana District
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Morocco
     
    www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html
    Nigeria
     
    • Katsina State
    		Zhidong Xie et al. , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005), 1216.pdf
    South Africa
     
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Sweden
     
    • Norrbotten
      • Pajala
        • Kitkiöjärvi
    		D. Holtstam and J. Söderhielm : "The Muonionalusta iron meteorite from Lapland, Sweden : New finds and findings", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 383; Chao, E.C.T., et al (1962), Stishovite, a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, AZ, Jour. Geophys. Res.: 67: 419-421; Fahey, J.J. (1964), Recovery of coesite and stishovite from Coconino Sandstone of Meteor Crater, AZ, Am.Min.: 49: 1643-1647; Bohn, E. & W. Stöber (1966), Coesit und Stishovit als isolierte natürliche Mineralien, Neues Jahrb. Min.: 89-96; Gigl, P.D. & F. Dachille (1968), Effect of pressure and temperature on the reversal transitions of stishovite, Meteorites: 4: 123-136; J. Geophys. Res. 67 (1962), 419.
    • Indiana
      • Newton Co.
        • Kentland
    • New Mexico
      • Colfax Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Oklahoma
      • Johnson Co.
    		www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/2062.pdf.
    • Texas
      • Randall Co.
    		Zhidong Xie et al. , Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005), 1216.pdf
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