Charlesite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Charlesite
Formula:
Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Colour:
Colorless, white
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
1.77
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1983 by Pete J. Dunn, Donald R. Peacor, Peter B. Leavens, and Jack Leach Baum in honor of Dr. Charles Palache, [July 18, 1869 San Franciso, California, USA - December 5, 1954 near Charlottesville, Virginia, USA], systematic mineralogist, specialist on minerals of the Franklin District, Professor of Mineralogy at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
.
Data are lacking to prove the existence of charlesite from South Africa.
.
Data are lacking to prove the existence of charlesite from South Africa.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Ettringite Group. Crystals are tabular [0001] with {1014}. Data are lacking to prove the existence of charlesite in South Africa.
Possible carbonate-dominang analogue is UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi (however, compare imayoshiite).
Possible carbonate-dominang analogue is UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi (however, compare imayoshiite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
971
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:971:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
78501177-b7da-4c9c-8298-94b6c7987a07
IMA Classification of Charlesite
Classification of Charlesite
7.DG.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
32.4.4.1
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
32 : COMPOUND SULFATES
4 : Hydrated Compound Sulfates containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
10.3.3
10 : Borates with other anions
3 : Borates with sulphate
10 : Borates with other anions
3 : Borates with sulphate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Chrl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Charlesite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Charlesite
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
1010
1010
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
1.77 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.79 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Charlesite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.492(3) nε = 1.475(3)
Birefringence:
0.017
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.017
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Charlesite
Mindat Formula:
Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O
Crystallography of Charlesite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P3 1c
Setting:
P3 1c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.161(1) Å, c = 21.212(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.901
Unit Cell V:
2,288.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular crystals with a trigonal trigonal termination
Comment:
Probable class, space group by analogy to ettringite.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
9.70 Å | (100) |
5.58 Å | (80) |
4.936 Å | (20) |
4.654 Å | (40) |
3.855 Å | (80) |
3.573 Å | (30) |
3.444 Å | (40) |
3.230 Å | (10) |
2.996 Å | (10) |
2.749 Å | (70) |
2.666 Å | (20) |
2.598 Å | (20) |
2.538 Å | (70) |
2.470 Å | (1) |
2.391 Å | (5) |
2.325 Å | (2) |
2.193 Å | (70) |
2.133 Å | (50) |
2.044 Å | (5) |
1.991 Å | (1) |
1.956 Å | (1) |
1.926 Å | (20) |
1.884 Å | (1) |
1.837 Å | (10) |
1.787 Å | (5) |
1.749 Å | (20) |
1.693 Å | (10) |
1.663 Å | (5) |
1.606 Å | (20) |
1.563 Å | (30) |
1.500 Å | (20) |
1.480 Å | (2) |
1.448 Å | (5) |
1.380 Å | (1) |
1.327 Å | (2) |
1.295 Å | (5) |
1.269 Å | (2) |
1.252 Å | (2) |
1.241 Å | (2) |
1.215 Å | (1) |
1.205 Å | (1) |
1.184 Å | (1) |
1.166 Å | (5) |
1.125 Å | (5) |
1.096 Å | (5) |
Comments:
ICDD 35-606. natural material
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
13 : Hadean serpentinization | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Charlesite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Vug and fracture coating.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 148689 and C06247, C06401.
Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, #107733.
John Baum private collection.
Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, #107733.
John Baum private collection.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Metamorphosed stratiform cabonate hosted zinc silicate and oxide deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Charlesite
Other Language Names for Charlesite
German:Charlesit
Spanish:Charlesita
Relationship of Charlesite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | Hex. |
Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
Micheelsenite | (Ca2Y)Al(PO3OH)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O | Trig. 3m : P3 1c |
Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
UM2008-07-CO:AlBCaHSSi | Ca6(Al,Si)2(CO3,SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O | |
Unnamed (possible Mn(IV) analogue of Sturmanite) | Ca6Mn4+2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH)10O2 · nH2O |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
34 photos of Charlesite associated with Clinohedrite | CaZn(SiO4) · H2O |
16 photos of Charlesite associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
16 photos of Charlesite associated with Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
10 photos of Charlesite associated with Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
9 photos of Charlesite associated with Hendricksite | KZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 |
8 photos of Charlesite associated with Ganophyllite | (K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 · 8H2O |
7 photos of Charlesite associated with Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
6 photos of Charlesite associated with Roeblingite | Pb2Ca6Mn2+(Si3O9)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
5 photos of Charlesite associated with Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
4 photos of Charlesite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
7.DG.05 | Darapskite | Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O |
7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
7.DG.30 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O |
7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
7.DG.40 | Carlosruizite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
7.DG.45 | Chelyabinskite | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Charlesite
Pale violet to pale green in SW
weaker in LW
weaker in LW
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Charlesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-971.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Charlesite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J., Peacor, Donald R., Leavens, Peter B., Baum, John L. (1983) Charlesite, a new mineral of the ettringite group, from Franklin, New Jersey. American Mineralogist, 68 (9-10) 1033-1037
Localities for Charlesite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Schäfer (2016) |
Japan | |
| Tanimoto et al (2001) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) |
Romania | |
| Szakáll |
Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
Gutzmer (1996) | |
USA (TL) | |
| Dunn et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986) | |
Richard Gunter |
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Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA