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Stillwellite-(Ce)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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00790250014955657346602.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Mary Kathleen Mine, Mary Kathleen district, Rosebud Station, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
08756840014951653861887.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan
03516560015987845634762.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Bassano Romano, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy
02173220014977514595177.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
00790250014955657346602.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Mary Kathleen Mine, Mary Kathleen district, Rosebud Station, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
00918620014946318064393.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan
04908010015869538333384.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Bassano Romano, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy
06286070014978830527174.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
09781610014977347705100.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Mary Kathleen Mine, Mary Kathleen district, Rosebud Station, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
04828400014946318062130.jpg
Stillwellite-(Ce)

Dara-i-Pioz Massif, Districts of Republican Subordination, Tajikistan
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About Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

06664080014948502151121.jpg
Frank L. Stillwell
Formula:
(Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5
Colour:
Pale violet-gray, light pink, brownish yellow, orange
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
4.57 - 4.60
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named stillwellite in 1955 by J. McAndrew and T.R. Scott in honor of Frank Leslie Stillwell (27 June 1888, Hawthorn, Australia - 8 February 1963, Melbourne, Australia), Australian ore mineralogist with CSIRO and an Antarctic explorer. He worked on Broken Hill and Kalgoorlie gold field, among other places. The suffix/modifier was added in 1987 to conform to the Levinson rule for species with essential REE, in this case predominantly cerium.
This page provides mineralogical data about Stillwellite-(Ce).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3788
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3788:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
c58d6e60-144b-4cd4-b0ed-2852caad3b55

IMA Classification of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CeBSiO5
First published:
1955
Type description reference:
McAndrew, J., Scott, T.R. (1955) Stillwellite, a new rare-earth mineral from Queensland. Nature: 176: 509-510.

Classification of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.AJ.25

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
Dana 8th ed.:
54.2.3.2

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
2 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with B in [4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:
17.5.18

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
Swl-CeIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale violet-gray, light pink, brownish yellow, orange
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
One imperfect
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
4.57 - 4.60 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.67 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.765 nε = 1.780
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Comments:
to biaxial (+)

Chemistry of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Mindat Formula:
(Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5
Elements listed:
B, Ca, Ce, La, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
P31
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.843(2) Å, c = 6.701(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.979
Unit Cell V:
271.75 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Twinning:
Observed about [100].

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005293Stillwellite-(Ce)Burns P C, Hawthorne F C, MacDonald D J, Ventura G D, Parodi G (1993) The crystal structure of stillwellite The Canadian Mineralogist 31 147-15219930293
0018728Stillwellite-(Ce)Callegari A, Giuseppetti G, Mazzi F, Tadini C (1992) The refinement of the crystal structure of stillwellite: RE[BSiO5] Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1992 49-571992Bassano Romano, Viterbo, Italy0293
0018733Stillwellite-(Ce)Voronkov A A, Pyatenko Y A (1967) X-ray diffraction study of the atomic structure of stillwellite CeBO[SiO4] Soviet Physics Crystallography 12 214-2201967Soviet0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
- Å()
Comments:
Data collected by Gay (1957).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Mary Kathleen Mine, Mary Kathleen district, Rosebud Station, Cloncurry Shire, Queensland, Australia
General Appearance of Type Material:
As flat rhombohedral crystals, to 5 mm. Also massive.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 113038.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A metasomatic replacement of metamorphosed calcareous sediments.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
UraniniteGarnet GroupAllanite Group
Reference:
McAndrew, J., Scott, T.R. (1955) Stillwellite, a new rare-earth mineral from Queensland. Nature: 176: 509-510.

Other Language Names for Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Simplified Chinese:菱硼硅铈矿
Traditional Chinese:菱硼矽鈰礦

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with QuartzSiO2
6 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
4 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
2 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with PolylithioniteKLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2
2 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
2 photos of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with CalciteCaCO3
1 photo of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with BaddeleyiteZrO2
1 photo of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
1 photo of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with Gonnardite(Na,Ca)2(Si,Al)5O10 · 3H2O
1 photo of Stillwellite-(Ce) associated with Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.AJ.Hingganite-(Nd)Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.Arrheniusite-(Ce)CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.05Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AJ.05Ominelite(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AJ.10DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AJ.10Holtite(Ta0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AJ.10MagnesiodumortieriteMg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AJ.10Nioboholtite(Nb0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.10Titanoholtite(Ti0.75◻0.25)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.15GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AJ.20Muromontitenear Be2FeY2Si3O12
9.AJ.20DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Ce)(Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Yb)(Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20HomiliteCa2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Melanocerite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,0)Hex.
9.AJ.20Minasgeraisite-(Y)(Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.AJ.20Calcybeborosilite-(Y)(Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2Mon.
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Nd)Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))(Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.30Cappelenite-(Y)Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2Trig. 3 : P3
9.AJ.35Okanoganite-(Y)(Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Vicanite-(Ce)(Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Hundholmenite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Proshchenkoite-(Y)Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Laptevite-(Ce)Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.40JadariteLiNaSiB3O7(OH)Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

References for Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

Reference List:
McAndrew, J., Scott, T.R. (1955) Stillwellite, a new rare-earth mineral from Queensland. Nature: 176: 509-510.
Fleischer, M. (1956) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 41: 370-372.
Gay, P. (1957) An X-Ray Investigation of some Rare-Earth Silicates: Cerite, Lessingite, Beckelite, Britholite and Stillwellite. Mineralogical Magazine, 31, 455-468.
Voronkov, A.A., Pyatenko, Y.A. (1967) X-ray diffraction study of the atomic structure of stillwellite CeBO[SiO4]. Soviet Physics - Crystallography: 12: 214-220.
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Jambor, John L. (1992) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 77 (11-12) 1305-1309
Callegari, A., Giuseppetti, G., Mazzi, F., Tadini, C. (1992) The refinement of the crystal structure of stillwellite: RE[BSiO5]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1992. 49-57
Burns, P.C., Hawthorne, F.C., MacDonald, D.J., Della Ventura, G., Parodi, G.C. (1993) The crystal structure of stillwellite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 31: 147-152.
Grew, Edward S., Anovitz, Lawrence M., Grew, Edward S., Anovitz, Lawrence M. - Eds. (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America
Krzhizhanovskaya, M.G., Kopylova, Y.O., Obozova, E.D., Zalesskii, V.G., Lushnikov, S.G., Gorelova, L.A., Shilovskikh, V.V., Ugolkov, V.L., Britvin, S.N., Pekov, I.V. (2023). Thermal evolution of stillwellite, CeBSiO5, a natural prototype for a family of NLO-active materials. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 318, 123786.
(2023) Stillwellite-(Ce) Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Stillwellite-(Ce)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola
 
  • Huambo Province
    • Bailundo
Beleque (2010)
Australia (TL)
 
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Rosebud Station
        • Mary Kathleen district
USGS Open File Report 81-1666. +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • Ontario
162-165. +1 other reference
    • Haliburton County
      • Highlands East Township
        • Monmouth Township
Geological Survey of Canada ... +2 other references
  • Québec
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Horváth et al. (1990) +1 other reference
China
 
  • Liaoning
Garrett (1998)
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
Queneau (n.d.)
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
Sørensen (2001) +1 other reference
Italy
 
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Caponera et al. (2007)
      • Sacrofano
    • Viterbo Province
Della Ventura et al. (1987)
Thorne (n.d.)
      • Vetralla
Carlini
      • Viterbo
O. Dziallas
Carlini et al. (2017)
Japan
 
  • Gifu Prefecture
    • Nakatsugawa City
Hori (1974)
Norway
 
Nilssen et al. (1962) +1 other reference
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik
      • Barkevik area
Nilssen et al. (1962) +1 other reference
Romania
 
  • Harghita County
Hirtopanu Paulina et al. (2013)
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kyshtym
Kasatkin et al. (2020)
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Aldan
geo.web.ru (2007)
Tajikistan
 
  • Districts of Republican Subordination
Canadian Mineralogist 42:107-119 (2004) +4 other references
USA
 
  • New York
    • Essex County
Rocks & Min. (2007)
        • Moriah Township
Regan et al. (2019)
Rocks & Minerals 82:472-483 +1 other reference
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