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Mactridae

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Description

Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.

From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mactridae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Source Data

Source	ID	Link
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)	3454	https://www.gbif.org/species/3454
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)	61026	https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=61026

Rank

family

Taxonomy (GBIF)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae

Taxonomy (PBDB)

Life : Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae

Taxonomic Status (GBIF)

accepted

Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)

Rank	Name	Author
-	Eukaryota
-	Opisthokonta	Cavalier-Smith 1987
kingdom	Animalia
-	Bilateria
-	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
-	Protostomia	Grobben 1908
-	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca	Linnaeus 1758
class	Bivalvia	Linnaeus 1758
-	Eubivalvia	Carter 2011
subclass	Autobranchia
infraclass	Heteroconchia
-	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
-	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
-	Veneroidei
-	Veneroitei	Gray 1854
superfamily	Mactroidea
family	Mactridae	Lamarck 1809

Scientific Name

Mactridae

Opinions (PBDB)

Name	Rank	Opinion	Evidence	Author
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactracea	stated without evidence	Glenn, 1904
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactracea	stated with evidence	Packard, 1916
Mactridae	family	belongs to Pelecypoda	stated without evidence	Clark and Arnold, 1923
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactracea	stated without evidence	Olsson, 1931
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactracea	stated with evidence	Vokes, 1980
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactracea	stated without evidence	Squires, 1987
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated with evidence	Ward, 1992
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated without evidence	Coan et al., 2000
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated with evidence	Rosenberg, 2005
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	implied	Nevesskaja, 2009
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated without evidence	Bouchet et al., 2010
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated with evidence	Carter et al., 2011
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated without evidence	Hickman, 2015
Mactridae	family	belongs to Mactroidea	stated with evidence	Signorelli and Carter, 2016

Status (PBDB)

extant

Taxon Size (PBDB)

297

Extant Size (PBDB)

100 (34%)

First Recorded Appearance

199 - 191 Ma
Early Jurassic

Motility

facultatively mobile

Vision

blind (based on Bivalvia)

Diet

suspension feeder

Ecospace Comments

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).

Taphonomy

aragonite (based on Bivalvia)

Primary Reference (PBDB)

H. E. Vokes. 1980. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue. Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Common Name(s)

Surf Clams, Trogmuscheln, Mactras, Otterschelpen, Strandschelpen, Trough Clams, Troughshells, バカガイ

Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mactridae

External Images

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

Name	Status	Common Name(s)	Fossil Occurrences	Oldest	Youngest
Darininae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Lutrariinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		149	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Mactrinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		1,134	199 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Tanysiphoninae subfamily	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Zenatiinae subfamily	listed (PBDB)		18	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Aliomactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		7	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Austromactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Barymactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Coelomactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Crassula genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Cyclomactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		2	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Cymbophora ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		604	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Darcinia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Darina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	2.59 Ma Pleistocene	0 Ma Extant
Diaphoromactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Eastonia genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Electromactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Eopapyrina ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		9	37.2 Ma Eocene	23.0 Ma Miocene
Geltena ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		38	125 Ma Early/Lower Cretaceous	99.6 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Gnathodon genus	listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Harvella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		34	23.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Heterocardia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Huberimactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Labiosa genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)				0 Ma Extant
Leptomactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	23.0 Ma Miocene	3.60 Ma Pliocene
Leptospisula genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Lutraria genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		93	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Mactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		299	199 Ma Early Jurassic	0 Ma Extant
Mactrella genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Mactrellona genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		23	48.6 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Mactrinula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mactrodesma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	16.0 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Mactromeris genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		308	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Mactropsis ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	55.8 Ma Eocene	55.8 Ma Eocene
Mactrotoma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)	Surfclam	50	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Maorimactra genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Meropesta genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Mulinia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		264	37.2 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Mulinoides ✝ genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		6	72.1 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	56.0 Ma Paleocene
Nymphactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	56.0 Ma Paleocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Ovamactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		4	37.2 Ma Eocene	37.2 Ma Eocene
Oxyperas genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Priscomactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		24	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pseudocardium genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Pteroluter ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous
Pteropsis ✝ genus	listed (PBDB)		1	41.3 Ma Eocene	41.3 Ma Eocene
Raetina genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Rangia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		57	101 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Resania genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		1	11.6 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Scalpomactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		10	47.8 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Scissodesma genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	5.33 Ma Miocene	0 Ma Extant
Simomactra genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		11	38.0 Ma Eocene	0 Ma Extant
Spisula genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		100	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Spisula genus	doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		547	66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Spisulona ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Standella genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		19	56.0 Ma Paleocene	0 Ma Extant
Tanysiphon ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)
Tresus genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		56	28.1 Ma Oligocene	0 Ma Extant
Trinitasia ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		8	20.4 Ma Miocene	5.33 Ma Miocene
Tumbeziconcha genus	accepted (GBIF)	No associated record in PBDB
Willimactra ✝ genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		14	93.9 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	59.2 Ma Paleocene
Zenatia genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)		18	85.8 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous	0 Ma Extant
Zenatina genus	accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB)

Obsolete Names

Name	Source	Taxon Rank	Taxonomy
Rangiidae	GBIF	family	Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Rangiidae

Synonymy List

Year	Name and Author
1809	Mactridae Lamarck
1884	Rangiidae Fischer
1884	Gnathodontidae Neumayr
1904	Mactridae Glenn p. 285
1916	Mactridae Packard p. 277
1923	Mactridae Clark and Arnold p. 153
1931	Mactridae Olsson p. 66
1937	Mactridae Popenoe p. 397
1980	Mactridae Vokes p. 134
1983	Mactridae Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 98
1987	Mactridae Squires p. 67

Year	Name and Author
1987	Mactridae Ward and Blackwelder p. 130
1992	Mactridae Ward p. 93
2000	Mactridae Coan et al. p. 259
2005	Mactridae Rosenberg
2006	Mactridae Rosenberg et al.
2009	Mactridae Nevesskaja
2010	Mactridae Bouchet et al.
2011	Mactridae Carter et al. p. 16
2015	Mactridae Hickman p. 32
2016	Mactridae Signorelli and Carter p. 209 figs. Table 1

References

Vokes H. E. (1980) Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue, Genera of the Bivalvia: a systematic and bibliographic Catalogue

Glenn L. C. (1904) Pelecypoda, Maryland Geological Survey Miocene Text, 274-401

Packard E. L. (1916) Mesozoic and Cenozoic Mactrinae of the Pacific Coast of North America, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geology 9 16, 261-360

Clark B. L., Arnold R. (1923) Fauna of the Sooke Formation Vancouver Island, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 14 5, 123-234

Olsson A. A. (1931) Contributions to the Tertiary Paleontology of Northern Peru: Part 4, The Peruvian Oligocene, Bulletins of American Paleontology 17 63

Popenoe W. P. (1937) Upper Cretaceous Mollusca from Southern California, Journal of Paleontology 11 5, 379-402

Gliozzi E., Malatesta A. (1983) I molluschi del Paleocene di Baixa Chinhauanine nel bacino del Rio Massintonto (Maputo - Mozambico), Geologica Romana 22, 85-145

Squires R. L. (1987) Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties, California, Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 388, 1-93

Ward L. W., Blackwelder B.W. (1987) Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at Lee Creek Mine, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 61, 113-283

Ward L. W. (1992) Molluscan biostratigraphy of the Miocene Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain of North America, Virginia Museum of Natural History 2

Coan E. V., Scott P. V., et al (2000) Bivalve seashells of western North America, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2, 1-764

Rosenberg G. (2005) Malacolog 4.0: A database of Western Atlantic marine Mollusca, [WWW database (version 4.1.0)] URL http://data.acnatsci.org/wasp

Rosenberg G., Ponder W., et al (2006) A Biotic Database of Indo-Pacific Marine Mollusks doi:http://data.acnatsci.org/obis

Nevesskaja L. A. (2009) Principles of Systematics and the System of Bivalves, Paleontological Journal 43 1, 1-11 doi:10.1134/S0031030109010018

Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., et al (2010) Nomenclator of Bivalve Families with a Classification of Bivalve Families, Malacologia 52 2, 1-184 doi:10.4002/040.052.0201

Carter J. G., Altaba C. R., et al (2011) A Synoptical Classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca), University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4, 1-47

Hickman C. S. (2015) Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part III: The heteroconchs, PaleoBios 32, 1-44

Signorelli J. H., Carter J. G. (2016) The Anatinellidae and Kymatoxinae: A reassessment of their affinities within the superfamily Mactroidea (Mollusca, Bivalvia), American Malacological Bulletin 33 2, 204-211

Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

WoRMS (Mar 2013) - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera

Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Bieler R., Carter J.G. & Coan E.V. (2010). Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184. - via World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS)

Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

WoRMS (2016) Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, Jr., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, et al., 1998: Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks, 2nd ed.. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 26. 526. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Coan, Eugene V., Paul Valentich Scott, and Frank R. Bernard, 2000: Bivalve Seashells of Western North America: Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Monographs, Number 2; Studies in Biodiversity, Number 2. viii + 764. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Millard, V., 1997: null. Classification of Mollusca: A classification of world wide Mollusca. 1-544. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Vaught, K. C. / Abbott, Robert T. and Kenneth J. Boss, 1989: null. A classification of the living Mollusca. xii+195. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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