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Phaethontidae

Description

Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most closely related to the Eurypygiformes. There are three species in one genus, Phaethon. The scientific names are derived from Ancient Greek phaethon, "sun". They have predominantly white plumage with elongated tail feathers and small feeble legs and feet.


Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)5267https://www.gbif.org/species/5267
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)39656https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39656
Rankfamily
Taxonomy (GBIF)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Phaethontiformes : Phaethontidae
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Pelecaniformes : Phaethontidae
Taxonomic Status (GBIF)accepted
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSäve-Söderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SauropsidaHuxley 1864
classReptiliaLaurenti 1768
subclassEureptilia
-RomeriidaGauthier et al. 1988
-Diapsida
-Eosuchia
-NeodiapsidaBenton 1985
-SauriaGauthier 1984
-Archosauromorpha
-CrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
-EucrocopodaEzcurra 2016
-Archosauria
informalAvemetatarsaliaBenton 1999
-OrnithodiraGauthier 1986
-DinosauromorphaBenton 1985
-DinosauriformesNovas 1992
-Dinosauria
-Saurischia
-Theropoda
-NeotheropodaBakker 1986
-AverostraPaul 2002
-TetanuraeGauthier 1986
orderAvetheropodaPaul 1988
suborderCoelurosauriaHuene 1914
-ManiraptoraGauthier 1986
-ParavesSereno 1997
classAvesLinnaeus 1758
-PygostyliaChiappe 2002
-OrnithothoracesChiappe and Calvo 1994
-OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithuraeHaeckel 1866
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
-Neognathae
-NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
-NatatoresBaird 1858
-SteganograllatoresLivezey and Zusi 2007
superorderPelecanimorphaeHuxley 1867
orderPelecaniformesSharpe 1891
suborderPhaethontesSharpe 1891
familyPhaethontidaeBrandt 1831
Common Nametropicbird
Scientific NamePhaethontidae
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Phaetontesstated without evidenceLambrecht, 1933
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Pelecaniformesstated without evidenceOlson, 1975
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Phaethontesstated without evidenceOlson, 1985
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to PhaethontesimpliedCarroll, 1988
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Phaethontiformesstated with evidenceBourdon et al., 2005
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Aequornithesstated without evidenceMayr, 2011
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Phaethontiformesstated without evidencedel Hoyo et al., 2014
Phaethontidaefamilybelongs to Phaethontiformesstated with evidenceClements et al., 2017
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)9
Extant Size (PBDB)5 (56%)
First Recorded Appearance56.0 - 47.8 Ma
Eocene
Environmentmarine (based on Pelecaniformes)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Theropoda)
Dietcarnivore (based on Coelurosauria)
Reproductionoviparous, dispersal=direct/internal,mobile (based on Theropoda)
Ontogenyaccretion,modification of parts (based on Theropoda)
Taphonomyhydroxylapatite,compact or dense (based on Theropoda)
Primary Reference (PBDB)R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Common Name(s) Tropic Birds, Keerkringvogels, Tropicbirds, ネッタイチョウ, Tropicbird
Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaethontidae

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
Heliadornis
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
116.0 Ma
Miocene
16.0 Ma
Miocene
Phaethon
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
580.13 Ma
Pleistocene
0 Ma
Extant
Phaethusavis
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
156.0 Ma
Paleocene
56.0 Ma
Paleocene

Obsolete Names

NameSourceTaxon RankTaxonomy
Phaetontidae GBIFfamilyAnimalia : Chordata : Aves : Phaethontiformes : Phaetontidae

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1831Phaethontidae Brandt
1933Phaetontidae Lambrecht p. 276
1975Phaethontidae Olson p. 22
1985Phaethontidae Olson p. 194
1988Phaethontidae Carroll
2005Phaethontidae Bourdon et al. p. 167
2007Phaethontidae Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2011Phaethontidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5
2014Phaethontidae del Hoyo et al.
2017Phaethontidae Clements et al.

References

Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Lambrecht K. (1933) Handbuch der Palaeornithologie, 1-1024
Olson S. L. (1975) Paleornithology of St. Helena Island, South Atlantic Ocean, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 23, 1-49
Olson S. L. (1985) The fossil record of birds, Avian Biology VIII, 79-256
Bourdon E., Bouya B., et al (2005) Earliest African neornithine bird: a new species of Prophaethontidae (Aves) from the Paleocene of Morocco, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25 1, 157-170
Livezey B. C., Zusi R. L. (2007) Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 1, 1-95
del Hoyo J., Collar N. J., et al (2014) HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines, 1-904
Clements J. F., Schulenberg T. S., et al (2017) , The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017
Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
van der Land, J. (2001). Tetrapoda, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 375-376 - via World Register of Marine Species
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, 1987: Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. Resource Publication, no. 166. 79. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
 
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