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Awaruite

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Josephine Creek, Josephine Creek District, Josephine Co., Oregon, USA
© RWMW

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Formula:
Ni
 
3
Fe
System:IsometricColour:White
Lustre:MetallicHardness:5
This page provides mineralogical data about Awaruite.

Classification of Awaruite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:1/A.08-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:1.AE.20

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
E : Iron-chromium family
Dana 7th edition ID:1.1.17.6
Dana 8th edition ID:1.1.11.4

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
1 : Metals, other than the Platinum Group
Hey's CIM Ref.:1.65

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)
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Type Occurrence of Awaruite

Type Locality:Gorge river, South Island, New Zealand
Year of Discovery:1885

Physical Properties of Awaruite

Lustre:Metallic
Colour:White
Hardness (Mohs):5

Crystallography of Awaruite

Crystal System:Isometric

Chemical Properties of Awaruite

Formula:
Ni
 
3
Fe
Essential elements:Fe, Ni
All elements listed in formula:Fe, Ni
Common Impurities:Co,Cu,S,P,Si

Relationship of Awaruite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
1.AE.05Molybdenum
Mo
1.AE.05Chromium
Cr
1.AE.05Iron
Fe
1.AE.05Kamacite
(Fe,Ni)
1.AE.05Tungsten
W
1.AE.10Taenite
(Fe,Ni)
1.AE.10Tetrataenite
FeNi
1.AE.10Antitaenite
Fe
 
3
Ni
1.AE.15Chromferide
Fe
 
3
Cr
 
1-x
 (x=0.6)
1.AE.15Ferchromide
Cr
 
1.5
Fe
 
0.5-x
1.AE.15Wairauite
CoFe
1.AE.25Jedwabite
Fe
 
7
(Ta,Nb)
 
3
1.AE.30Manganese
Mn
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
1.1Copper
Cu
1.2Silver
Ag
1.5Gold
Au
1.6Auricupride
Cu
 
3
Au
1.7Tetra-auricupride
AuCu
1.8Zinc
Zn
1.9Cadmium
Cd
1.10Danbaite
CuZn
 
2
1.11Zhanghengite
CuZn
1.12Mercury
Hg
1.13Kolymite
Cu
 
7
Hg
 
6
1.14Moschellandsbergite
Ag
 
2
Hg
 
3
1.15Eugenite
Ag
 
11
Hg
 
2
1.16Schachnerite
Ag
 
1.1
Hg
 
0.9
1.17Paraschachnerite
Ag
 
3
Hg
 
2
1.18Luanheite
Ag
 
3
Hg
1.19Weishanite
(Au,Ag)
 
3
Hg
 
2
1.20Indium
In
1.21Aluminium
Al
1.22Khatyrkite
(Cu,Zn)Al
 
2
1.23Cupalite
(Cu,Zn)Al
1.24Diamond
C
1.25Graphite
C
1.26Chaoite
C
1.27Lonsdaleite
C
1.28Silicon
Si
1.29Tin
Sn
1.30Lead
Pb
1.31Anyuiite
Au(Pb,Sb)
 
2
1.31Novodneprite
AuPb
 
3
1.32Leadamalgam
HgPb
 
2
1.33Arsenic
As
1.34Arsenolamprite
As
1.35Paxite
CuAs
 
2
1.36Koutekite
Cu
 
5
As
 
2
1.37Domeykite
Cu
 
3
As
1.38Algodonite
(Cu
 
1-x
As
 
x
)
1.39Novakite
Cu
 
20
AgAs
 
10
1.40Kutinaite
Cu
 
2
AgAs
1.41Antimony
Sb
1.42Stibarsen
AsSb
1.43Paradocrasite
Sb
 
3
As
1.44Horsfordite
1.45Cuprostibite
Cu
 
2
(Sb,Tl)
1.46Allargentum
(Ag
 
1-x
Sb
 
x
)
1.47Aurostibite
AuSb
 
2
1.48Dyscrasite
Ag
 
3
Sb
1.49Bismuth
Bi
1.50Maldonite
Au
 
2
Bi
1.51Sulphur
S
 
8
1.52Rosickýite
S
1.53Selenium
Se
1.54Tellurium
Te
1.55Chromium
Cr
1.56Rhenium
Re
1.57Iron
Fe
1.58Chromferide
Fe
 
3
Cr
 
1-x
 (x=0.6)
1.59Ferchromide
Cr
 
1.5
Fe
 
0.5-x
1.60Wairauite
CoFe
1.61Nickel
Ni
1.62Kamacite
(Fe,Ni)
1.63Taenite
(Fe,Ni)
1.64Tetrataenite
FeNi
1.66Palladium
(Pd,Pt)
1.67Potarite
PdHg
1.68Paolovite
Pd
 
2
Sn
1.69Stannopalladinite
(Pd,Cu)
 
3
Sn
 
2
1.70Cabriite
Pd
 
2
SnCu
1.71Taimyrite
(Pd,Cu,Pt)
 
3
Sn
1.72Atokite
(Pd,Pt)
 
3
Sn
1.73Rustenburgite
(Pt,Pd)
 
3
Sn
1.74Zvyagintsevite
(Pd,Pt,Au)
 
3
(Pb,Sn)
1.75Plumbopalladinite
Pb
 
2
Pd
 
3
1.76Osmium
(Os,Ir,Ru)
1.77Iridium
(Ir,Os,Ru)
1.82Platinum
Pt
1.83Hongshiite
PtCu
1.84Niggliite
PtSn
1.85Isoferroplatinum
Pt
 
3
Fe
1.86Tetraferroplatinum
PtFe
1.87Tulameenite
Pt
 
2
CuFe
1.88Ferronickelplatinum
Pt
 
2
FeNi
1.89Rhodium
(Rh,Pt)
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):
1.1.17.1Iron
Fe
1.1.17.2Nickel
Ni
1.1.17.3Kamacite
(Fe,Ni)
1.1.17.4Taenite
(Fe,Ni)
1.1.17.5Tetrataenite
FeNi
1.1.17.6Hexaferrum
(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)

Other Names for Awaruite

Synonyms:
BobrovkiteJosephiniteSouesite
German names:
AwaruitBobrovkitJosephinitSouesit
Russian names:
Аваруит
Spanish names:
AwaruitaBobrovkitaJosephinitaSouesita
Varieties:
Iridian Awaruite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Awaruite

Reference List:Skey (1885).

Jamieson, G.S. (1905), On the natural iron-nickel alloy, awaruite, American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 19: 413-415; (also: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, Band 41, pp. 157-160, 1905).

Palache C., Berman H., Frondel C. (1944), Dana's system of mineralogy 7th ed., Vol. I, 117-119.

Canadian Mineralogist (1959): 6: 307.

American Mineralogist (1960): 45: 450.[Powder Pat.,Chemistry].

Berry L.G., Thompson R.M. (1962), Geol. Soc. Amer. Mem. 85: 13.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte und Abhandlungen (1967): 107: 241-265.

Ramdohr P. (1969), The ore minerals and their intergrowths, 3rd ed.: 356-357.

Challis G.A. (1975), Mineralogical Magazine: 44, 225-230.

Ahmed Z., Bevan J.C. (1976), Mineralogical Magazine: 40: 247-251 .

Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 43: 647-650.

Ahmed, Z. and Bevan, J.C. (1981) Awaruite, iridian awaruite, and a new Ru-Os-Ir-Ni-Fe alloy from the Sakhakot-Quila complex, Malakand agency, Pakistan. Mineralogical Magazine: 44: 225-230.

Bayliss P. (1990): Canadian Mineralogist: 28: 751-755.

Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh & Nichols (1990), Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. I: 38.

American Mineralogist 76 (1991), 1356 [Chemistry].

Canadian Mineralogist 38 (2000), 585 [Chemistry, Optics].

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 343 (2002), 192 [Synthesis,Xl. Structure].

Internet Links for Awaruite

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    Localities for Awaruite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Heazlewood district
    		Andersen, P., Bottrill, R. & Davidson, P. (2002): Famous mineral localities: The Lord Brassey mine, Tasmania. Mineral. Rec. 33, 321-332.
      • Rosebery district
    		Bottrill & Baker in press - Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania
      • Trial Harbour district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Wiluna
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
      • Wiluna Shire
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hirt
          • Griesserhof (Gulitzen; Gullitzen)
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Leoben
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Lillooet Mining Division
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
    • Northwest Territories
      • Coppermine River area
    		Am Min 50:682-695
    • Québec
    		No reference listed
      • Mégantic Co.
        • Black Lake
    		Can Min. 8, 519
    Can. Min. 28, 579
    Can Min. 28, 579
        • Thetford Mines
    		Min. Record:20(5):393.
    Can. Min. 28, 579.
      • Richmond Co.
        • Shipton Township
          • Asbestos
    		Min.Rec.:20(5):393.
    China
     
    • Henan Province
      • Nanyang Prefecture
        • Tongbai Co.
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3 (1997)
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Ningqiang Co.
    		Xin, H., Eisenhour, D.D., and Buseck, P.R. (1995): Meteoritics 30(1), 106-109.
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Shannan Prefecture
        • Qusum (Qusong) Co.
    		Wenji Bai, Robinson, P.T., Qingsong Fang, Jingsui Yang, Binggang Yan, Zhongming Zhang, Xufeng Hu, Meifu Zhou, and Malpas, J. (2000): Canadian Mineralogist 38(3), 585-598.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Brioude - Massiac area
          • Brioude
            • Azérat
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371.
          • Lavoûte-Chilhac
            • Saint-Cirgues
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371.
          • Torsiac
            • Lanau
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371.
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Jumeaux
          • Champagnat-le-Jeune
    		Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 359-371.
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Bastia
          • Canari
    		H. Azais, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, P. Sainfeld : "Le Problème du Nickel dans les Serpentines de Corse", 1968, Bulletin du BRGM
    P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978
    H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du nickel dans les serpentinites de Corse", Extrait du Bulletin du BRGM, N°1, 1968
        • Corte
          • Moïta
            • Matra
    		Picot, P. and Johan, Z. (1977). Atlas des Minéraux Métalliques, BRGM, Elsevier
    H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du nickel dans les serpentinites de Corse", Extrait du Bulletin du BRGM, N°1, 1968
    H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du nickel dans les serpentinites de Corse", Extrait du Bulletin du BRGM, N°1, 1968
          • Sermano
    		H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du nickel dans les serpentinites de Corse", Extrait du Bulletin du BRGM, N°1, 1968
    Hungary
     
    • Hajdú-Bihar Co.
      • Great Hungarian Plain
        • Kaba
    Italy
     
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
          • Borzoli
    		Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di Monte Ramazzo e i suoi minerali - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, vol. 8, fasc. 3, 1977
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Biella Province
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. ; Piccoli, G. C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., & Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo F. Eusebio - Alba, 607 pag.
      • Cuneo Province
        • Varaita Valley
          • Sampeyre
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Jamaica
     
    • Saint Andrew Parish
      • Blue Mts
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    [Trans. New Zealand Inst.(1886) 18, 401; Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Sør-Trøndelag
      • Røros
        • Feragen
          • Feragen Chromium Mines
    		Hultin 1968, Neumann 1985, p. 9.
    Hultin 1968, Neumann 1985, p. 9.
    Hultin 1968, Neumann 1985, p. 9.
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    		The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 JULY, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, Axxx–Axxx (2004)
    Pakistan
     
    • North-West Frontier Province
      • Malakand Region
        • Malakand Agency
    		Mineralogical Magazine: 44: 225-230.
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Ząbkowice District
        • Ząbkowice (Frankenstein)
    		Delura K. 2005: Magnetite-nickel sulphides-awaruite association in serpentinites from Braszowice-Brzeźnica massif (Sudetic ophiolite, SW Poland). Mineralogical Society of Poland - Special Papers, vol. 26, 147-150
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan shield
          • Onello River basin
            • Bol'shoy Dolguchan River
    		Am. Min. 87:5-1245-1249
      • Tuva Republic
        • Sayan Mts
    		No reference listed
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
        • Koryak Mts
    		[MinRec 31:201]
    • Southern Siberia Region
      • Eastern Sayan
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkiria republic
    		F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Držkovce
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Ploské
          • Hámor - Forovo
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District
    		Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002:Nejznámejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 136p
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., Kaličiaková,E., 1987: Mineralogicko – paragenetické pomery Hg ložiska Merník. Min.Slovaca, 19,5,423 – 442
      • Šarišská vrchovina Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Sweden
     
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Albula Valley
        • Landwasser Valley
          • Davos
            • Wolfgang
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 58
      • Puschlav (Poschiavo Valley)
        • Selva
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 58
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Centovalli
        • Palagnedra
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 58
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matter Valley
          • Zermatt
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 58
    The Moon
     
    • Apollo 14 Base (Fra Mauro)
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) and XXXV (2004)
    Trinidad and Tobago
     
    • Tobago
    USA
     
    • Maryland
      • Cecil Co.
        • State Line District
    		Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June 1981 pp149-156
    • Oregon
      • Josephine Co.
        • Josephine Creek District
    		Dick, H.J.B. (1974) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 24, 291-298.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lancaster Co.
        • Fulton Township
    		Mineralogical Record (1981): 12(3): 149-156.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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