Brunogeierite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Brunogeierite
Formula:
Ge4+Fe2+2O4
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
Colour:
Grey-black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
5.51 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Dr. Bruno H. Geier (1902-1987), former Chief Mineralogist, Tsumeb Corporation.
Nesogermanate member of the ringwoodite group (Cempírek & Groat 2013).
Compare Unnamed (Iron Germanium Oxide).
Compare Unnamed (Iron Germanium Oxide).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
792
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:792:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
14f77fd3-de85-4b16-ad4d-d109dd284c70
IMA Classification of Brunogeierite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe2+2Ge4+O4
Approval year:
1972
First published:
1972
Approval history:
A modification of the end-member formula was accepted in IMA proposal 11A ( CMNC Newsletter 9)
Classification of Brunogeierite
9.AC.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51.3.3.2
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
7.11.15
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bng | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Brunogeierite
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey-black
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Density:
5.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brunogeierite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R |
---|---|
400 nm | 15.5% |
420 nm | 15.0% |
440 nm | 14.5% |
460 nm | 14.1% |
480 nm | 13.8% |
500nm | 13.6% |
520 nm | 13.4% |
540 nm | 13.3% |
560 nm | 13.2% |
580 nm | 13.1% |
600 nm | 13.0% |
620 nm | 13.0% |
640 nm | 12.9% |
660 nm | 12.8% |
680 nm | 12.8% |
700 nm | 12.8% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 15.5%.
Colour in reflected light:
Grey
Internal Reflections:
Brown
Chemistry of Brunogeierite
Mindat Formula:
Ge4+Fe2+2O4
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
Some solid solution towards magnetite: Fe2+Ge4+ = 2Fe3+.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Brunogeierite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.409 - 8.416 Å
Unit Cell V:
594.61 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals rare. Usually as crusts or rims on tennantite (Tsumeb) or inclusions in sphalerite or magnetite (France).
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0014558 | Brunogeierite | Welch M D, Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C (2001) The crystal structure of brunogeierite, Fe2GeO4 spinel Mineralogical Magazine 65 441-444 | 2001 | Tsumeb, Namibia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.540 Å | (10) |
1.484 Å | (9) |
1.615 Å | (7) |
2.972 Å | (6) |
1.095 Å | (6) |
1.720 Å | (4) |
1.283 Å | (3) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Brunogeierite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crusts, 40-50 microns thick, on tennantite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Lower oxidation zone of dolostone-hosted hydrothermal polymetallic ore deposit at 930 m depth, formed by alteration of Ge-rich sulfides.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Ottemann, J., Nuber, B. (1972) Brunogeierite, ein germanium-ferritspinell von Tsumeb. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1972: 263-267.
Synonyms of Brunogeierite
Other Language Names for Brunogeierite
Relationship of Brunogeierite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 | Iso. |
Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Brunogeierite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
2 photos of Brunogeierite associated with Schneiderhöhnite | Fe2+Fe3+3As3+5O13 |
1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Argutite | GeO2 |
1 photo of Brunogeierite associated with Ludlockite | PbFe3+4As3+10O22 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.AC. | Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 |
9.AC. | Poirierite | Mg2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] |
9.AC.05 | Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 |
9.AC.10 | Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
9.AC.15 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 |
9.AC.20 | Chesnokovite | Na2[SiO2(OH)2] · 8H2O |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brunogeierite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-792.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Brunogeierite
Reference List:
Welch, M. D., Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C. (2001) The crystal structure of brunogeierite, Fe2GeO4 spinel. Mineralogical Magazine, 65 (3) 441-444 doi:10.1180/002646101300119529
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 9. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (4) 2535-2540 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.4.2535
Cempírek, J., Groat, L. A. (2013) Note on the formula of brunogeierite and the first bond-valence parameters for Ge2+. Journal of GEOsciences, 58 (1) 71-74
Biagioni, C., Pasero, M. (2014) The systematics of the spinel-type minerals: An overview. American Mineralogist, 99 (7) 1254-1264 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4816
Localities for Brunogeierite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France | |
| Cugerone (2019) |
| F. Aye |
| F. Aye |
| Lips (2006) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Aye et al. (1978) |
F. Aye | |
| F. Aye |
F. Aye | |
F. Aye | |
| Cugerone et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
F. Aye +1 other reference | |
| F. Aye |
Kenya | |
| Waweru (2020) |
Namibia (TL) | |
| Ottemann et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia