Forsterite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Robert M. Hazen
About Forsterite
Formula:
Mg2SiO4
Colour:
Green, pale yellow or white.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7
Specific Gravity:
3.275
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Known in ancient times and some smaragdus and beryllos (Pliny, 79) may have been what is now called forsterite. (N.B. The "chrysolithas" of Pliny (79) is believed to be topaz.) The earliest name given to an undisputed olivine group species was chrysolit (chrysolite) and was named by Johan Gottschalk Wallerius in 1747, although the name chrysolite was later used by Balthasar Georges Sage in 1777 for what is now known as prehnite. In 1755, Antoine Joseph Dezallier d'Argenville called this species "peridot ordinaire", while Axel Cronstedt named it "gulgron topas" in 1758. In 1772, Rome d'Lisle renamed the mineral "chrysolite ordinaire". Wallerius's chrysolite was renamed, olivine, in 1789 by Abraham Gottlieb Werner for the usual olive green color of this mineral (N.B. chrysolite has a similar etymology.) Friedrich Walchner in 1823 gave it the name "hyalosiderite". Named forsterite in 1824 by Serve-Dieu Abailard "Armand" LΓ©vy in honor of Adolarius Jacob Forster [April 6, 1739, Grossbreitenbach, Thuringia, Germany - May 1806 St. Petersburg, Russia], German mineral collector and mineral dealer, who variously resided in England and Russia. Boltonite was introduced in 1835 by Charles Upham Shepard, while glinkit was named in 1847 by Romanovski.
Polymorph of:
Olivine Group. Fayalite-Forsterite Series, and the Forsterite-Tephroite Series.
The magnesium analogue of Fayalite, Tephroite, and Calcio-Olivine.
The magnesium analogue of Fayalite, Tephroite, and Calcio-Olivine.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Forsterite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1584
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1584:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
4175730b-dee8-4d32-9ba8-1852507a32cf
IMA Classification of Forsterite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg2(SiO4)
Classification of Forsterite
9.AC.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
C : Nesosilicates without additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51.3.1.2
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
51 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups Only
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups Only with all cations in octahedral [6] coordination
14.4.1
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
4 : Silicates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Fo | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Fo | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277β279. |
Fo | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
Fo | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185β187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Fo | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Forsterite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Green, pale yellow or white.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
7 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}
imperfect on {100}
Perfect on {010}
imperfect on {100}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.275 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.271 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Forsterite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.636 - 1.730 nβ = 1.650 - 1.739 nγ = 1.669 - 1.772
2V:
Measured: 74° to 90°, Calculated: 56° to 84°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.033 - 0.042
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Forsterite
Mindat Formula:
Mg2SiO4
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Crystallography of Forsterite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.754 Å, b = 10.1971 Å, c = 5.9806 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.466 : 1 : 0.587
Unit Cell V:
289.92 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Euhedral to subhedral crystals
Twinning:
{100} {011} {012}
Comment:
Data for synthetic material.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000885 | Forsterite | Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines sample H2 American Mineralogist 67 1206-1211 | 1982 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0000886 | Forsterite | Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines sample H4 American Mineralogist 67 1206-1211 | 1982 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0001086 | Forsterite | Miyake M, Nakamura H, Kojima H, Marumo F (1987) Cation ordering in Co-Mg olivine solid-solution series American Mineralogist 72 594-598 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001087 | Forsterite | Miyake M, Nakamura H, Kojima H, Marumo F (1987) Cation ordering in Co-Mg olivine solid-solution series American Mineralogist 72 594-598 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001088 | Forsterite | Miyake M, Nakamura H, Kojima H, Marumo F (1987) Cation ordering in Co-Mg olivine solid-solution series American Mineralogist 72 594-598 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001118 | Forsterite | Bostrom D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions American Mineralogist 72 965-972 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001119 | Forsterite | Bostrom D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions American Mineralogist 72 965-972 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001120 | Forsterite | Bostrom D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions American Mineralogist 72 965-972 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001216 | Forsterite | Ottonello G, Della Giusta A, Molin G M (1989) Cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivines sample Ni.30B, synthesized at 902 C, then quenched Mg1.4Ni.6SiO4 American Mineralogist 74 411-421 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001217 | Forsterite | Ottonello G, Della Giusta A, Molin G M (1989) Cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivines sample Ni.30B, heated at 1150 C, then quenched Mg1.4Ni.6SiO4 American Mineralogist 74 411-421 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001218 | Forsterite | Ottonello G, Della Giusta A, Molin G M (1989) Cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivines sample Ni.30B, heated at 1300 C, then quenched Mg1.4Ni.6SiO4 American Mineralogist 74 411-421 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001219 | Forsterite | Ottonello G, Della Giusta A, Molin G M (1989) Cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivines sample Ni.30A, synthesized at 902 C, then quenched Mg1.4Ni.6SiO4 American Mineralogist 74 411-421 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001220 | Forsterite | Ottonello G, Della Giusta A, Molin G M (1989) Cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivines sample Ni.30A, heated to 800 C, then quenched Mg1.4Ni.6SiO4 American Mineralogist 74 411-421 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000171 | Forsterite | Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines American Mineralogist 53 807-824 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000172 | Forsterite | Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines American Mineralogist 53 807-824 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000276 | Forsterite | Baur W H (1972) Computer-simulated crystal structures of observed and hypothetical Mg2SiO4 polymorphs of low and high density American Mineralogist 57 709-731 | 1972 | hypothetical | 0 | 293 | |
0000323 | Forsterite | Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite American Mineralogist 58 577-587 | 1973 | 0 | 297 | ||
0000324 | Forsterite | Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite American Mineralogist 58 577-587 | 1973 | 0 | 297 | ||
0000325 | Forsterite | Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite American Mineralogist 58 577-587 | 1973 | 0 | 297 | ||
0000326 | Forsterite | Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite American Mineralogist 58 577-587 | 1973 | 0 | 648 | ||
0000327 | Forsterite | Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite American Mineralogist 58 577-587 | 1973 | 0 | 983 | ||
0000328 | Forsterite | Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900 C American Mineralogist 58 588-593 | 1973 | synthetic | 0 | 298 | |
0000329 | Forsterite | Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900 C American Mineralogist 58 588-593 | 1973 | synthetic | 0 | 573 | |
0000330 | Forsterite | Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900 C American Mineralogist 58 588-593 | 1973 | synthetic | 0 | 873 | |
0000331 | Forsterite | Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900 C American Mineralogist 58 588-593 | 1973 | synthetic | 0 | 1173 | |
0000545 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 77 | ||
0000546 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000547 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 623 | ||
0000548 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 948 | ||
0000549 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 1273 | ||
0000550 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000551 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000552 | Forsterite | Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite olivine American Mineralogist 61 1280-1293 | 1976 | 0 | 293 | ||
0000801 | Forsterite | Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. Crystal structure refinements American Mineralogist 65 1263-1269 | 1980 | Langban, Sweden | 0 | 293 | |
0001718 | Forsterite | Artioli G, Rinaldi R, Wilson C C, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-temperature Fe-Mg cation partitioning in olivine: In-situ single-crystal neutron diffraction study Atomic parameters obtained from the ICSD American Mineralogist 80 197-200 | 1995 | 0 | 293 | ||
0001719 | Forsterite | Artioli G, Rinaldi R, Wilson C C, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-temperature Fe-Mg cation partitioning in olivine: In-situ single-crystal neutron diffraction study Atomic parameters obtained from the ICSD American Mineralogist 80 197-200 | 1995 | 0 | 1153 | ||
0001720 | Forsterite | Artioli G, Rinaldi R, Wilson C C, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-temperature Fe-Mg cation partitioning in olivine: In-situ single-crystal neutron diffraction study Atomic parameters obtained from the ICSD American Mineralogist 80 197-200 | 1995 | 0 | 1233 | ||
0001721 | Forsterite | Artioli G, Rinaldi R, Wilson C C, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-temperature Fe-Mg cation partitioning in olivine: In-situ single-crystal neutron diffraction study Atomic parameters obtained from the ICSD American Mineralogist 80 197-200 | 1995 | 0 | 1303 | ||
0001722 | Forsterite | Artioli G, Rinaldi R, Wilson C C, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-temperature Fe-Mg cation partitioning in olivine: In-situ single-crystal neutron diffraction study Atomic parameters obtained from the ICSD American Mineralogist 80 197-200 | 1995 | 0 | 1333 | ||
0002600 | Forsterite | Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment and refinement Fo92Fa08 American Mineralogist 86 55-65 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002601 | Forsterite | Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment and refinement Fo92Fa08 American Mineralogist 86 55-65 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002602 | Forsterite | Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment and refinement Fo92Fa08 American Mineralogist 86 55-65 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002603 | Forsterite | Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment and refinement Fo92Fa08 American Mineralogist 86 55-65 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002604 | Forsterite | Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment and refinement Fo92Fa08 American Mineralogist 86 55-65 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002674 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: a time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002675 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002676 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002677 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 293 | ||
0002680 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 298 | ||
0002681 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 473 | ||
0002682 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 573 | ||
0002683 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 673 | ||
0002684 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 723 | ||
0002685 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 773 | ||
0002686 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 823 | ||
0002687 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 873 | ||
0002688 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 923 | ||
0002689 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 973 | ||
0002690 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0002691 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1073 | ||
0002692 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1123 | ||
0002693 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0002694 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0002695 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1273 | ||
0002696 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1323 | ||
0002697 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1373 | ||
0002698 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1123 | ||
0002699 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0002700 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 923 | ||
0002701 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 823 | ||
0002702 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 623 | ||
0002703 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 298 | ||
0002704 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 298 | ||
0002705 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 473 | ||
0002706 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 573 | ||
0002707 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 673 | ||
0002708 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 723 | ||
0002709 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 773 | ||
0002710 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 823 | ||
0002711 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 873 | ||
0002712 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 923 | ||
0002713 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 973 | ||
0002714 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0002715 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1073 | ||
0002716 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1123 | ||
0002717 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0002718 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0002719 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1273 | ||
0002720 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 1373 | ||
0002721 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 573 | ||
0002722 | Forsterite | Henderson C M B, Redfern S A T, Smith R I, Knight K S, Charnock J M (2001) Composition and temperature dependence of cation ordering in Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions: A time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction and EXAFS study American Mineralogist 86 1170-1187 | 2001 | 0 | 298 | ||
0004936 | Forsterite | Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa American Mineralogist 94 751-760 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004937 | Forsterite | Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa American Mineralogist 94 751-760 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0004938 | Forsterite | Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa American Mineralogist 94 751-760 | 2009 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
0020327 | Forsterite | Finkelstein G J, Dera P K, Jahn S, Oganov A R, Holl C M, Meng Y, Duffy T S (2014) Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling American Mineralogist 99 35-43 | 2014 | Synthetic | 45.3 | 293 | |
0005395 | Forsterite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1994) Characterization of fine-grained mixtures of rock-forming minerals by Rietveld structure refinement: olivine + pyroxene The Canadian Mineralogist 32 541-552 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005396 | Forsterite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1994) Characterization of fine-grained mixtures of rock-forming minerals by Rietveld structure refinement: olivine + pyroxene The Canadian Mineralogist 32 541-552 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005397 | Forsterite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1994) Characterization of fine-grained mixtures of rock-forming minerals by Rietveld structure refinement: olivine + pyroxene The Canadian Mineralogist 32 541-552 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005398 | Forsterite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1994) Characterization of fine-grained mixtures of rock-forming minerals by Rietveld structure refinement: olivine + pyroxene The Canadian Mineralogist 32 541-552 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
0005399 | Forsterite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1994) Characterization of fine-grained mixtures of rock-forming minerals by Rietveld structure refinement: olivine + pyroxene The Canadian Mineralogist 32 541-552 | 1994 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.15 Γ | (20) |
3.916 Γ | (40) |
3.744 Γ | (10) |
3.516 Γ | (30) |
3.481 Γ | (10) |
3.030 Γ | (10) |
3.014 Γ | (10) |
2.791 Γ | (100) |
2.601 Γ | (10) |
2.578 Γ | (5) |
2.533 Γ | (60) |
2.475 Γ | (60) |
2.391 Γ | (5) |
2.370 Γ | (20) |
2.330 Γ | (5) |
2.285 Γ | (30) |
2.270 Γ | (30) |
2.173 Γ | (10) |
2.048 Γ | (5) |
1.962 Γ | (5) |
1.894 Γ | (10) |
1.823 Γ | (5) |
1.807 Γ | (10) |
1.761 Γ | (50) |
1.754 Γ | (10) |
1.743 Γ | (10) |
1.684 Γ | (10) |
1.654 Γ | (10) |
1.644 Γ | (5) |
1.631 Γ | (20) |
1.604 Γ | (10) |
1.586 Γ | (10) |
1.523 Γ | (5) |
1.513 Γ | (5) |
1.508 Γ | (20) |
1.494 Γ | (20) |
1.407 Γ | (10) |
1.397 Γ | (10) |
1.359 Γ | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 31-795 for composition Fo64 ; See also ICDD 33-657 (ferroan forsterite); and ICDD 34-189 (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
In mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, metamorphosed impure dolomites
Type Occurrence of Forsterite
Synonyms of Forsterite
Other Language Names for Forsterite
Russian:Π€ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
Simplified Chinese:ιζ©ζ¦η³
Spanish:Boltonita
Forsterita
Forsterita
Traditional Chinese:ιζ©ζ¬η³
Varieties of Forsterite
Jian forsterite jade | Forsterite (Fo 99.8), serpentine, as well as minor brucite, spinel, phlogopite, dolomite, calcite, magnesite, and magnetite. The Jian forsterite jade consists mainly of forsterite (50–55 %), serpentine (30–45 %). Originates from magnesium-rich dolomi... |
Peridot | A green gem variety of Forsterite. |
Relationship of Forsterite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Calcio-olivine | Ca2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5β»0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
145 photos of Forsterite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
122 photos of Forsterite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
31 photos of Forsterite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
31 photos of Forsterite associated with Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 |
30 photos of Forsterite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
26 photos of Forsterite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
25 photos of Forsterite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
20 photos of Forsterite associated with Kamacite | (Fe,Ni) |
17 photos of Forsterite associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
17 photos of Forsterite associated with Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.AC. | Ahrensite | SiFe2O4 |
9.AC. | Poirierite | Mg2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Fayalite | Fe2+2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Glaucochroite | CaMn2+SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Kirschsteinite | CaFe2+SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Laihunite | (Fe2+0.5β»0.5)Fe3+[SiO4] |
9.AC.05 | Liebenbergite | Ni2SiO4 |
9.AC.05 | Tephroite | Mn2+2SiO4 |
9.AC.10 | Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 |
9.AC.15 | Brunogeierite | Ge4+Fe2+2O4 |
9.AC.15 | Ringwoodite | (Mg,Fe2+)2SiO4 |
9.AC.20 | Chesnokovite | Na2[SiO2(OH)2] Β· 8H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Forsterite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Forsterite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1584.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Forsterite
Reference List:
Localities for Forsterite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| RWMW Collection +1 other reference |
Woolley (2019) | |
Mountain Minerals specimen | |
Moore et al. (2014) | |
Albania | |
| Wu et al. (2024) |
| Mekshiqi et al. (2012) |
Algeria | |
| Hutchison et al. (1991) |
| Weber et al. (1992, March) +1 other reference |
Oba et al. (1998) | |
| J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin |
| Anorthite +3 other references |
| Bischoff et al. (1992) |
| Lustrino et al. (2016) |
Angola | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Nikitina et al. (2012) |
Antarctica | |
| Shen et al. (2022) |
Shen et al. (2022) | |
- (n.d.) | |
www.lpi.usra.edu (n.d.) | |
Meyer (2001) | |
| Lee et al. (2019) |
Meteorite Working Group (1987) +2 other references | |
Grossman (1994) | |
Grossman (1994) | |
Grossman (1994) | |
Brearley et al. (1998) | |
Meteorlogical Bulletin | |
| Kogarko et al. (2007) |
Lin et al. (1991) +1 other reference | |
| Anand et al. (2005) |
| Prinz et al. (1989) |
| Satterwhite et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Weisberg et al. (2005) |
Matsui et al. (1980) | |
Kojima et al. (1995) +2 other references | |
| Grew et al. (1991) |
| Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +2 other references | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +2 other references | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +2 other references | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Ruzicka et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
| Meteorite Working Group (1985) |
Rosenshein et al. (2006) | |
MichaelΒ K. Weisberg (1988) | |
Graham et al. (1985) +2 other references | |
Scott et al. (1981) | |
Grossman (1994) | |
Krot et al. (1994) | |
Steele et al. (1987) | |
Brearley et al. (1998) | |
Brian Mason (1978) +3 other references | |
Goodrich et al. (1984) | |
| Mittlefehldt et al. (1998) |
Rochette et al. (2008) | |
Gentili et al. (2016) | |
| John Rakovan |
| Anzures et al. (2024) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Grapes et al. (2003) |
Argentina | |
| Wasson et al. (2003) +2 other references |
| Gerarduzzi et al. (2016) |
Armenia | |
| Nazarov et al. ( 1994) +1 other reference |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Beard et al. (2009) |
Ciazela et al. (2018) | |
Maslennikov et al. (2023) | |
Milinovic +6 other references | |
Australia | |
| Oskierski et al. (2013) |
| Mason (1974) |
| Fujita et al. (1991) |
| English et al. (2010) |
| Ashley et al. (1993) |
| Graham et al. (2002) |
| Pearson et al. (1991) |
| Ahmad et al. (compilers) |
| Stolz (1987) |
| Paul |
| Davy et al. (1978) |
| Glenn J. MacPherson & Jeremy S. Delaney (1985) |
| R Bottrill colln |
| Bottrill |
| Burchard (1977) |
| M Latham & R Bottrill +1 other reference |
| M Latham Collection |
| Bottrill +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Kamenetsky et al. (2016) |
| Kwak et al. (1988) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Louis H. Fuchs (1970) |
| Irving |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Brent McInnes et al. (2018) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Marston (1984) |
| Grguric et al. (2018) |
| Maier et al. (2014) |
| Potergeo Database |
| Journal of the Royal Society of Western ... |
| Simpson et al. (1948) |
| Boxer et al. (1990) |
Austria | |
| U. Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| H. Meixner: 32 (3) |
| Postl et al. (2006) |
| Carswell (1991) |
| Exel (1993) |
Carswell (1991) | |
| Knobloch et al. (2018) |
| Uwe Kolitsch (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) +3 other references |
| LΓΆffler et al. (2011) |
LΓΆffler et al. (2011) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| GΓΆtzinger et al. (1994) |
| |
| Tropper (2001, 2007) |
| Schantl (1975) |
| Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference |
| Meixner 1967 |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2013) |
| Lapis 19 (7/8) |
Azerbaijan | |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
Belarus | |
| Inostrantsev A.A. [ΠΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² (1869) +6 other references |
Bolivia | |
| Schultz (2004) |
| Meteoritical Bulletin #106 - ... |
Botswana | |
| Stiefenhofer et al. (1997) |
| Anashkin et al. (2013) |
Brazil | |
| Zucolotto et al. (2001) |
| Guarino (2010) |
| Coldebella et al. (2020) |
| Zedgenizov et al. (2014) |
| Bulanova et al. (2010) |
| Sauer (1982) |
| Coldebella et al. (2020) |
Jour. of South American Earth Sci. ... | |
Sauer (1982) | |
| Teixeira et al. (2015) |
| Atencio et al. (2020) |
| Gomes et al. (1980) |
| Washington (1929) |
| Keil (2015) |
| Pinto V. et al. (2011) |
| 1995 +2 other references |
| omes et al. (1980) |
| Unlisted Editors (2016) +1 other reference |
| Oliveira et al. (2020) |
Melcher (1965) +3 other references | |
| de Barros Gomes et al. (2017) |
Bulgaria | |
| |
| Arnaudov et al. (1998) |
Burkina Faso | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (n.d.) |
Cambodia | |
Austin (NovemberβDecember 2005) | |
Cameroon | |
| Wandji et al. (2010) |
Canada | |
| CanRockhound v.3 |
| Schiarizza et al. (2006) |
| Locock (1994) |
| Laberge et al. (2003) |
| Nixon et al. (1990) |
5th International Platinum Symposium ... | |
| C. J. A. Coats and R. Buchan (1979) |
Wasson et al. (2003) | |
| GOOD et al. (1993) |
| A. Dogan Paktunc (1984) |
Franchuk et al. (2016) | |
| Tappe et al. (2005) |
OWENS et al. (2010) | |
Am Min 85:1595β1605 (2000) | |
| Journal of Petrology |
Journal of Petrology | |
| Hill |
| Badham |
| Mundt |
Kamenetsky et al. (2013) | |
| Caro et al. (2004) |
| Nielsen (1977) |
| Chatterjee (1980) |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
| Chatterjee (1977) |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2000) |
| Roach et al. (1998) |
| Journal of Petrology 40:79-104 |
| Ozyer (2011) |
Ozyer (2011) | |
Ozyer (2011) | |
| 181. +2 other references |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 18 (1980) |
Lithos Volume 48 | |
Roger H. Mitchell (1979) | |
| Tappe et al. (2004) |
| 162-165. +1 other reference |
| Richard Gunter and Falconbridge ... |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Brand |
| Currie (1980) |
| D. H. Watkinson and G. Dunning v (1979) |
| Smith (2021) |
| Trzcienski et al. (1987) |
| Belley et al. (2016) |
Martin +2 other references | |
| Sabina (1968) +1 other reference |
Gold (1969) | |
| Schilling et al. (2011) |
| castaing.eps.mcgill.ca (n.d.) |
| Gold (1972) |
| Zurevinski +1 other reference |
Nadeau et al. (2015) | |
| Econ Geol (1986) +1 other reference |
Econ Geol (1986) +1 other reference | |
Econ Geol (1986) +1 other reference | |
Econ Geol (1986) | |
Constantin et al. (2006) | |
| Williams (1990) |
| 5th International Platinum Symposium ... |
| - (American Geophysical Union and NASA, Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 14th, Houston, TX, Mar. 14-18, 1983) |
www.alpinegems.net | |
| Meteoritics & Planetary Sci. 38 (May 2003) +1 other reference |
| Tenney et al. (1967-1980) |
Cayman Islands | |
| Hodgkinson (2015) |
Central African Republic | |
| Hoinkes et al. (1975) |
Chile | |
| Aguirre et al. (1998) |
| Wasson et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
China | |
| Xuncheng Wang and Yucai Zhou (1995) |
| Am. Min. |
| T21A-0507 0800h : Clinoenstatite ... |
| A.I. Okay et al. |
| Fan Guo et al. (1990) |
| Zhao et al. (2022) |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) |
Zhao et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
Yiming Zhao et al. (1999) +2 other references | |
| Yan et al. (2022) |
| Am. Min. |
| Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999) +1 other reference |
| Zhao et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Huasheng Huang et al. (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999) |
| Porter (2016) |
| Gang Xu et al. (2012) |
| M. Chen and X. Xie |
| Rambaldi et al. (1983) |
| Deru Xu et al. (2008) |
| Chang Zhaoshan and Feng Zhongyan (1996) +1 other reference |
| Jianmin Zheng et al. (2007) |
Gaofeng Du et al. (2011) | |
| Hongsen Xie et al. (1984) |
| Jian Shao et al. (2009) |
| Liu et al. (2022) |
| Mengxi Wang and Yan Wang (2012) |
| Anthony et al. (1997) |
| Guang Wu et al. (2013) |
| Yuanming Pan and Ping Dong (1999) |
| Zhang Hong-Fu et al. (2001) |
| Research Group of Suizhou Meteorite (1986) |
... | |
| Liu (2017) |
| Yang Guangming et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Zhu et al. (2015) |
| Jinsheng Wei et al. (1985) |
| Am. Min. |
| Wankang Huang et al. (1978) |
| Rui Liu (2001) |
| Peng et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
Wang +4 other references | |
| Yong Li et al. (2010) |
| Dai et al. (2009) +2 other references |
| Lijian Qi et al. (1999) |
| Zhao |
Matsuda (1969) +2 other references | |
| Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003) |
| - (1978) +3 other references |
- (1978) | |
Shuai Liang et al. (2013) | |
Jingdang Liu et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
Yanfei Zhang et al. (2010) | |
| Zhao et al. (2003) |
| Rongge Xiao et al. (2003) +2 other references |
| Zhang et al. (2006) |
| Jianhui Wu et al. (2010) |
| Shuguang Song et al. (2004) |
| Miao Yu et al. (2013) |
Yiming Zhao et al. (2013) | |
| Huiwen Liu et al. (2014) |
| Xiyue Wang et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
| Lihong Guo et al. (2013) |
| Liuquan Li (2006) |
Cuixia Lian et al. (2011) | |
| dunite.mr.nsysu.edu.tw (n.d.) +11 other references |
| Science |
| Letian Du and Wenguang Wang (2012) |
| Haidong Zhang et al. (2010) |
| Gao et al. (2017) |
| Fuwen Chen (1990) |
Hong Zhong et al. (2011) | |
| Zhi Zhang et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Bao Peisheng et al. (2007) |
| Zhang et al. (2023) |
| Bai et al. (2001) |
| Chen et al. (2022) |
Zhang et al. (2016) | |
| Duan et al. (2024) +1 other reference |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
| Xia et al. (2015) |
| Connolly et al. (2006) |
| He Sun et al. (2006) |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
| Chen et al. (2014) |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
| Li Zhao et al. (2006) |
| Feibao Wu and Zongyu Li (1986) +1 other reference |
| Sun et al. (2022) |
| Xiao +5 other references |
| Yunkui Qian (2004) |
| Letian Du and Wenguang Wang (2012) |
Colombia | |
| Econ Geol (2004) |
| Castellanos-AlarcΓ³n et al. (2016) |
Croatia | |
| Hoinkes et al. (1976) |
Cuba | |
| Rui et al. (2022) |
| Domènech et al. (2014) |
RΓos et al. (1984) | |
| The Meteoritical Bulletin +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Ε rein |
| TasΓ‘ryovΓ‘ et al. (2014) |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| Ulrych |
Jan HlouΕ‘ek | |
| Velebil D.: RubΓny v kyanitu z Chodova ... |
| Bernard J. H. et al. Mineralogie ... |
| King (n.d.) |
| BoroviΔka et al. (2003) |
| Kurat (1970) |
| Hofmanovi P. a R.: Mineralizace ... |
ΔernΓ½ | |
| NavrΓ‘til +4 other references |
| Welser |
| RadkovΓ‘ et al. (2021) |
| Ε tΔdrΓ‘ V.: Ca-Ba-Mn trhlinovΓ‘ ... |
| Musil L.: DalΕ‘Γ lokalita forsteritu v ... |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| Houzar et al. (2008) |
| Seifert et al. (2005) |
| Sekanina J.: HoΕeΔnatΓ½ skarn v ... |
Houzar S.: Spinel z ΔΓhalΓna a NovΓ© ... | |
ΔopjΓ‘kovΓ‘ et al. (2008) | |
| Houzar S. |
| PauliΕ‘ |
| Peter BaΔΓk et al. (2012) |
| DoleΕΎalovΓ‘ |
Petr PauliΕ‘ | |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
Denmark | |
| Haack H. et al. (2012) |
Dominican Republic | |
| Robert Woodruff and Emmanuel Fritsch (1989) |
DR Congo | |
| Andersen et al. (2014) |
| Nasraoui et al. (2000) |
Ecuador | |
| "HP terranes exhumation in an active ... |
Egypt | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
El Ramly +4 other references | |
Eur. J. Mineral. | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
Ahmed et al. (2001) | |
| Ahmed et al. (2001) |
Eswatini | |
| Gan et al. (n.d.) |
Gan et al. (n.d.) | |
| Daniels (1991) |
Ethiopia | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| Kebede H. Belete |
| Cabri et al. (1981) |
Europe | |
| Dobnikar et al. (2002) |
Finland | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| S. Blais and B. Auvray |
S. Blais and B. Auvray | |
| Arhe |
| SipilΓ€ |
| Vartiainen +1 other reference |
| FrΓΆhlich et al. (2021) |
| JΓ€rvinen et al. (2019) |
| OΒ΄Brien Hugh |
| Papunen |
| HΓ€kli +1 other reference |
| HytΓΆnen (1999) |
| KΓ€rkkΓ€inen et al. (1999) |
| Mancini et al. (2000) |
| Jukka Reinikainen (2001) |
| Marvin et al. (1972) |
France | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
| Gonnard (1893) |
| Watters et al. (1979) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| PΓ©lisson (1989) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Barrier D et al. (2004) |
PΓ©rinet F (1995) | |
| SIG Mines France - Echantillon nΒ° ... |
| Leconte J. (2015) |
| Leblanc et al. (1987) |
| G.PEGERE et al. (63) |
| C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data) |
| MΓ©dard P. et al. (2009) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Ducluzaux (2021) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Baziotis et al. (2018) |
| PΓ©rinet (n.d.) |
| Legendre C. et al. (2005) |
| E.T. Berger |
| Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. et al. (1995) |
| Floran et al. (1978) +2 other references |
| Belot (1978) |
| Ch. Lefèvre and Ph. Cocusse |
| Marrocchi et al. (2014) +3 other references |
| www.terraegenesis.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| J-F LANOE |
| Berger +1 other reference |
| El Mendili et al. (2022) |
| Berger +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol. (1995) |
| Rodgers (1973) |
Berger +4 other references | |
| D. Coffrant |
| B. Azambre and P. Monchoux |
| Cristiano Ferraris (2015) |
| Ε. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD/Rietveld data +1 other reference |
| JJ. Douglas MacDougall & John Kerridge (1976) |
| Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21 |
| N. Cabanes and J.C.C. Mercier |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Ian M. Steele (1990) +1 other reference |
| PΓ©rinet (n.d.) |
| PΓ©rinet F. (2018) |
| wwwpsvt.free.fr (2004) |
Bertrand et al. (1980) +2 other references | |
| Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
Tony Nikischer and Luis Menezes | |
Gabon | |
| Maier et al. (2015) |
Germany | |
| WeiΓ (1990) +1 other reference |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| - (n.d.) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| - (n.d.) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Faust and Hahey (1962) |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
| Williams et al. (1954) |
| Quakenack (1967) |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
| Brauns et al. (1922) |
| Dechen (1852) |
| Brauns et al. (1922) |
| MΓΆhl (1868) |
| Christof SchΓ€fer |
Hentschel (1987) | |
Brauns | |
Brauns et al. (1922) | |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Viereck |
| Dechen (1852) |
| Brauns et al. (1922) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Hentschel (1983) | |
| Brauns |
| Blass |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
Hentschel (1987) | |
Viereck | |
Hentschel (1987) | |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
Hentschel (1983) | |
| Hentschel (1983) |
in the collection of Christof SchΓ€fer | |
Brauns | |
Brauns | |
| Humboldt (1790) |
| Erik Vercammen collection |
[Brauns et al. (Hannover) | |
Hoffeld | |
| Hentschel |
| SchΓΌller et al. (1986) |
Hentschel | |
| BlaΓ et al. (2012) |
| Hentschel (1993) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
Hentschel (1983) | |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| SchΓΌller |
| H. Knoll +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Schlegel (1991) |
| SchmΓ€dicke et al. (1997) |
SchmΓ€dicke et al. (1997) | |
| TuΔek K.: Meteority a jejich vΓ½skyt v ... |
| Wittern (2001) |
| SchmΓ€dicke et al. (1997) |
Ghana | |
| De Hoog et al. (2019) |
Greece | |
| Grieco et al. (2023) |
| Dabitzias |
Garuti et al. (1999) | |
Greenland | |
| Uitterdijk Appel (1997) |
| Guotana et al. (2018) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Windley B.F. et al. (1989) |
Thomassen et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
Tappe et al. (2009) | |
Guatemala | |
| Tavchandjian et al. (2010) |
Hungary | |
| SzakΓ‘ll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ... |
| KohΓΊt et al. (2019) |
| SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of SzΓ‘r Hill |
| Krot et al. (1997) |
| SzakΓ‘ll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral ... |
| C. SzabΓ³ et al. |
| SzakΓ‘ll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality |
SzakΓ‘ll et al. (1996) | |
| SzakΓ‘ll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality |
| |
| XVI ECROFI European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions et al. (Eds F. Noronha, A. DΓ³ria and A. Guedes) |
| |
| |
Iceland | |
| GΓΌnter Frenz collection |
India | |
| Rao et al. (2009) |
| Kaur et al. (2016) |
Kaur et al. (2013) | |
| Leelanandam |
| Mason et al. (1962) |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Rock et al. (1992) |
| E.R.D. Scott et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| A.G. Dessai et al. |
A.G. Dessai | |
| Mason B. (1963) |
| Nayak et al. (2023) |
| G Parthasarathy (2005) |
| Reid et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Deb (1980) |
| Brearley (1996) +2 other references |
| Burtseva et al. (2013) |
| Satish-Kumar et al. (2001) |
| Watters et al. (1979) |
| Ruzicka (1990) +1 other reference |
| Huss et al. (2006) |
Indian Ocean | |
| Wang et al. (2018) |
Indonesia | |
| Mertig et al. (1994) |
Setiawan | |
Mertig et al. (1994) | |
Econ Geol (1997) +3 other references | |
Mackinney et al. (1988) | |
New (2006) | |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
| Idrus et al. (2022) |
| Fredriksson et al. (1979) |
| Foden et al. (1980) +2 other references |
Iran | |
| McCausland et al. (2016) |
| OberhΓ€nsli et al. (2007) |
| Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019) |
Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019) | |
Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019) | |
Pourkhorsandi et al. (2019) | |
| Burragato F. et al. (1974) |
Iraq | |
| Al-Hermezi (1985) |
Ireland | |
| S. R. Nockolds and H. G. C. Vincent (1947) |
Italy | |
| Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
Barberi et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
| Dal Piaz (1967) |
| Dal Piaz (2004) |
Dal Piaz (2004) | |
Dal Piaz (2004) | |
Dal Piaz (2004) | |
Dal Piaz (1967) | |
Dal Piaz et al. (2008) | |
Rossetti et al. (2009) | |
| Toffolo et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Dal Piaz et al. (2008) |
| Tumiati et al. (2005) |
| Carella (1963) +2 other references |
| Russo (2008) |
| Stoppa et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Cannatelli et al. (2007) |
| Bonechi (2020) |
Balassone et al. (2024) +2 other references | |
| Carobbi G. (1932) |
| Imma Punzo find & collection |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
Balassone et al. (2013) | |
| Carati M. |
M. Carati - Guida alla mineralogia ... | |
| Scacchi (1882) |
Scacchi (1882) +1 other reference | |
Balassone et al. (2013) | |
| Scacchi (1882) |
| Mason et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
| Reid et al. (1974) +5 other references |
| New York +5 other references |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
| Bertacchini et al. (1999) |
Bertacchini et al. (1999) | |
| Mason (1963) +2 other references |
| Salvioli-Mariani et al. (2020) |
| Wasson et al. (2003) |
| Civetta et al. (1981) +7 other references |
| Knuever et al. (2023) |
| Giordano et al. (2010) |
De Michele (1974) | |
| Dario Di Domenico collection |
Franceschini et al. (1989) | |
| Roberto Begini et al. (2019-2020) |
| Liotti L. and Tealdi E. (1983) |
| Pinzari et al. (2021) |
| AA. VV. |
| Lacroix (1917) |
De Casa et al. (1999) | |
Ezio Curti find & collection | |
Stoppani et al. (1982) | |
| Begini (2021) +1 other reference |
Puxeddu (1971) | |
Di Battistini et al. (2001) +1 other reference | |
Fantappiè (1897) +1 other reference | |
| Carlini et al. (2017) |
Stoppani F.S (1982) | |
| Can Miner. 35/899-908 |
| Cimmino F. Messiga B et al. (1979) |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| Bertolini (1994) |
Bertolini (1994) | |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
| Hermann et al. (2006) |
Hermann et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Levi-Donati et al. (1971) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Sigismund (1949) +1 other reference |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Gramaccioli (1975) +1 other reference | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Gramaccioli (1962) +1 other reference | |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
AA. VV. | |
Caucia et al. (2021) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) |
| Gramaccioli (1962) +1 other reference |
Trommsdorff et al. (1980) +2 other references | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
Bedognè et al. (1993) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Sigismund (1949) +1 other reference |
| Sigismund (1949) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè +2 other references |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Maras et al. (1979) |
| Rolfo et al. (2015) |
| Schwartz et al. (2013) |
| Pratesi et al. (2003) |
| Rossetti (2000) |
Balestro et al. (2009) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Belluso et al. (1995) |
| Sanero (1932) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Piolti (1896) |
Piolti (1896) | |
Piolti (1896) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Campostrini (2001) |
Piccoli et al. (2007) | |
Sanero (1932) | |
| Zucchetti (1968) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Zucchetti (1968) | |
Zucchetti (1968) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Ortalli et al. (1990) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Groppo et al. (2007) |
| Albertini (1991) +1 other reference |
| Traverso S. (1895) |
The Canadian Mineralogist | |
| Cavallo et al. (2004) |
| C.M. Gramaccioli (1975) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| and BeitrΓ€ge zur Geologie der Schweiz +4 other references |
Natale et al. (1976) | |
| Sessa et al. (2017) |
| Levi-Donati G.R. et al. (1980) |
| Artioli et al. (1990) |
| Rossetti et al. (1958) |
Franciosi et al. (2019) | |
| Lustrino et al. (2002) |
| Dr Heinrich Locker specimens +1 other reference |
| Lustrino et al. (2000) |
Conte et al. (2010) | |
| Lustrino et al. (1999) |
| Levi-Donati G.R. (1972) |
Tonarini et al. (1996) +9 other references | |
| King (n.d.) |
| Zucchini et al. (2018) |
Sicurella et al. (2010) | |
Sicurella et al. (2010) | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Millosevich (1934) | |
Pichler (1980) | |
| Piochi et al. (2009) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Alletti et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Carbone et al. (2011) | |
| Manuella (2011) +1 other reference |
| S. Tonarini et al. |
| Colacicchi (1963) +2 other references |
Bianchi et al. (2020) | |
| Romengo N. et al. (2012) |
| Washington (1909) +3 other references |
Rotolo et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Tumiati et al. (2006) |
| Meteoritical Bulletin Database +1 other reference |
| Gasperini et al. (2006) |
| Callegari E. (1962) +2 other references |
| Ferry J.M. et al. (2002) |
| GierΓ© et al. (1992) |
| S. Conticelli |
| S. Conticelli |
| Trua et al. ( 2002) +2 other references |
| Mason (1963) +2 other references |
| F. Stoppa and Y. Liu +1 other reference |
| Stoppa et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Sabatini (1899) +13 other references | |
| Mattioli et al. (2016) |
| Grossman et al. (2001) |
| Mason (1963) |
| Andreatta (1938) |
| Andreatta (1938) +8 other references |
| Gasperini et al. (2006) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) |
| Siena et al. (1989) +5 other references |
| Fortis (1802) +4 other references |
| Boscardin et al. (1996) +3 other references |
Beccaluva et al. (2007) | |
| Zordan (2014) |
| Boscardin et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| M. Yamaguchi (1961) |
| Takeo Katou (1921) +1 other reference |
| δΈεθͺ δΈι. (1987) |
| Shima et al. (1980) +2 other references |
| Alfredo Petrov collection +1 other reference |
| Banno et al. (2005) |
| Sawaki (1989) |
| E. Takazawa et al. |
E. Takazawa et al. | |
T. Morishita and S. Arai | |
E. Takazawa et al. | |
E. Takazawa et al. | |
E. Takazawa et al. | |
| Matsubara (2003) |
| Nagata (1982) |
| Ishiwatari (1995) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +2 other references |
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) | |
| Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Tokiko Tiba (1989) |
Tokiko Tiba (1989) | |
| Toshio Nozaka and Tsugio Shibata (1994) |
| Konishi et al. (in press) |
| Nishiyama (1983) |
| TAKAI et al. (2012) |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago |
| Alfredo Petrov - field observations |
Alfredo Petrov field observations | |
| Nishida (1994) |
| photo in: Koubutsu Doshikai (2017) |
| Tani |
| Murakami (1991) |
| Hori Mineralogy specimen. |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
| |
| Econ Geol (1994) |
Arai et al. (1994) | |
| Mizota (1969) |
Jordan | |
| Yaseen (2014) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Tectonophysics [T] T21A-0501 0800h ... |
| doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Melcher et al. (1999) | |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) |
Saveliev et al. (2023) | |
| Kogarko et al. (1995) |
| Komatsu et al. (2001) |
Kenya | |
| Nyamai et al. (2000) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Soloviev (2011) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
Libya | |
| Lustrino et al. (2012) |
| Weber et al. (1996) |
| Ikeda et al. (2000) |
| JΓ©rΓ©mine et al. (1952) +2 other references |
Lithuania | |
| PruΕ‘inskienΔ et al. (2017) |
Madagascar | |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection |
| Rakotondrabe et al. (2020) |
| Boulvais et al. (2000) |
| McDonald et al. (1999) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) |
Mauritania | |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
- (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) |
- (n.d.) | |
- (n.d.) | |
- (n.d.) | |
Mauritius | |
Baxter et al. (1985) | |
Mexico | |
| Lherzolite nodules +1 other reference |
| Megaw (2023) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Buseck et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| Imai H. and Yurimoto H. (2000) +1 other reference |
| www.diabras.com (2007) |
| Mason B. (1963) |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Ejima et al. (2018) |
| Izokh et al. (2010) |
Morocco | |
| forum.amiminerals.it (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Woolley (2001) |
| Chatir et al. (2022) |
Berger et al. (2009) | |
| Bell et al. (2008) |
Mozambique | |
| SlobodnΓk +7 other references |
Myanmar | |
| Maung Thein & Soe Win (1970) |
| Ma Kyu Kyu Aung (2004) |
| Themelis (2008) |
Themelis (2008) | |
Themelis (2008) | |
Harlow G1 (2014) | |
Kyaw Thu (2007) +1 other reference | |
Shigley et al. (2000) | |
| Lin et al. (2023) |
| Themelis (2008) |
Myint et al. (2022) | |
Namibia | |
| BΓΌrg et al. (1942) |
| BlaΓ et al. (2021) |
A. WohlschlΓ€ger (2001) | |
Nazca Plate | |
Zawadzki et al. (2022) | |
New Zealand | |
| Searle (1961) |
| Personal collection of Rod Martin |
E. J. Searle (1961) | |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| G.A. Challis High-temperature contact metamorphism at the Red Hills Ultramafic Intrusion β Wairau Valley β New Zealand Journal of Petrology (1965) |
| Olivine nodules from Tokatoka et al. (1) |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| T. Saunderson collection |
| C. M. Ward (1984) |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| GEOLOGY AND Stuart J A Brown |
Geology and Geophysics +1 other reference | |
Nigeria | |
| Watters et al. (1979) |
North Africa | |
| Piani et al. (2016) |
North Korea | |
| Hideo Tsuda (1969) |
| Kondo (1969) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Imai et al. (2000) | |
Imai et al. (2000) | |
| Satou (1933) |
| King (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
... | |
Rubin et al. (2016) | |
- (n.d.) | |
Treiman et al. (2023) | |
Xia et al. (2021) | |
Mikouchi et al. (2003) | |
Russell et al. (2005) +1 other reference | |
Moggi-Cecchi et al. (2007) | |
www.lpi.usra.edu (n.d.) | |
Jacquet et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
www.lpi.usra.edu (2010) | |
- (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Houde et al. (2023) | |
www.lpi.usra.edu (2013) | |
Metzler et al. (2011) | |
Norway | |
| Neumann (1985) |
JΓΈsang (1966) | |
| Garmo (2006) |
| Apeiranthiti (2016) |
MΓΈrk (1985) | |
| Garmo et al. (2017) |
Brueckner (1977) | |
| Katayama et al. (2005) |
| Cutts (2019) |
| Kostenko et al. (2002) |
Garmo (2013) | |
33 IGC excursion No 37 +1 other reference | |
Carswell (1981) | |
| Knut Eldjarn photo and specimen |
Garmo (2013) | |
Augsten (2014) | |
| Vogt +1 other reference |
| Stuart Mills |
| BΓΈe (1997) +1 other reference |
| Γvereng (2000) |
Oftedal (1949) +1 other reference | |
| Hermans |
| Duchesne (1999) |
| Bucher-Nurminen (1981) |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Kjærnet (2000) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
Bucher-Nurminen (1981) | |
| BΓΈe (1976) |
| Cohen (1903) +5 other references |
| Pedersen et al. (1993) |
| WitsΓΈ (1994) |
| NGU |
aps.ngu.no (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) |
Oman | |
| Miura et al. (2012) |
| Slyuta et al. (2008) |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2000) | |
Ivanova et al. (2003, March) | |
Zhang et al. (2009) | |
| Cocomazzi +6 other references |
| Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2000) |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2008) | |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2002) | |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2001) | |
The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 86 et al. (2002) | |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2003) | |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2002) | |
Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2003) | |
D.D. Badjukov et al. et al. (2005) | |
The Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2004) | |
Pacific Ocean | |
| R. Hekinian et al. |
Matsukage et al. (1998) | |
Pakistan | |
| Jan et al. (1984) |
| gemexplorer.org (2012) |
Jan et al. (1996) | |
| Econ Geol (1985) |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Johnson et al. (1976) +2 other references |
Paraguay | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection |
Peru | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Philippines | |
| Ruth et al. (2021) |
| Tupaz +5 other references |
| Shaofeng Huang (2011) |
Poland | |
| Wachowiak et al. (2016) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Eligiusz SzeΕΔg private collection | |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski Collection |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
| Matusiak M. et al. (SW POLAND) +1 other reference |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| Domań +2 other references |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg collection |
| Borkowska M. 1985 - SkaΕy gabrowe ... |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
Lis et al. (1986) | |
Krzysztof Andrzejewski | |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| Breslau. P. 1-285 +1 other reference |
| Kaluza A. (1818) +1 other reference |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| XVII Konferencja DoktorantΓ³w i ... +1 other reference |
| Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
Krzysztof Andrzejewski | |
| Geopark - opis stanowiska nr 90 Εom ... +1 other reference |
| Trippke P. ( 1878) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Wojtulek et al. (2016) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Kierczak et al. (2007) | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Wyszomirski (1972) |
| K.Andrzejewski Collection |
| Kuhn et al. (1918) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
Krzysztof Andrzejewski Collection | |
| Przylibski et al. (2005) |
| W. Szeliga |
| Nowinska (2020) |
| Ε. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data |
| Koszowska E. |
Portugal | |
| Ternes (1999) |
Ternes (1999) | |
| Josep Sanchez Lafuente i Mariol field ... |
| Museu Nacional de HistΓ³ria Natural e da CiΓͺncia (Harvard) |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ... |
Romania | |
| al RomΓ’niei (2003) |
| Mandarino (1996) |
| Marincea et al. (2023) |
Pantia et al. (2021) +2 other references | |
| SzakΓ‘ll |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (2010) |
| new data and review. The Canadian Mineralogist (6) +1 other reference |
Ciobanu | |
Mineralogical Magazine (3) | |
Ciobanu | |
| Marincea (2000) |
| PΓ‘l MolnΓ‘r (2000) |
| SzakΓ‘ll (2002) |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| DumaΕska-SΕowik et al. (2022) |
| museum-21.ru (n.d.) |
| Garuti et al. (2021) |
Krot et al. (2008) | |
| Kislov et al. (2022) |
| Kiseleva +3 other references |
Airiyants et al. (2022) | |
Zhmodik et al. (2022) | |
| Konnikov et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
Kislov +1 other reference | |
Spiridonov et al. (2018) | |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
Sharygin et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Dugushkina et al. (2023) | |
| Mineralogical Record: 33: 167. +2 other references |
Barkov et al. (2018) | |
| Kissin et al. (2020) |
| Talovina et al. (2003) |
| Nedosekova (2007) |
| Dana 6:451 |
| Bindi et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Ashchepkov +8 other references |
Ashchepkov +8 other references | |
11 (4) +1 other reference | |
| Sklyarov +5 other references |
| Aleksandrov et al. (2006) |
Grushinin V.K. | |
Sklyarov +5 other references | |
| Mazurov et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
L. Kogarko (1995) | |
| Podlipsky et al. (2015) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
| Buravleva et al. (2016) |
| Skolotnev et al. (2018, March) |
| Batanova et al. (1991) +6 other references |
Vlasov et al. (2002) +1 other reference | |
| Pekov et al. (2023) +4 other references |
Zelenski et al. (2018) | |
Chayka et al. (2023) | |
| Sidorov et al. (2004) |
| Ananβev et al. (2011) |
Sandimirova et al. (2014) | |
| Turner et al. (1996) |
Ananβev et al. (2011) | |
| ... +1 other reference |
| Prokopyev +4 other references |
| Barkov et al. (2021) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Henderson et al. (1999) | |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| GΓΌbelin et al. (1976) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Malitch et al. (2022) | |
| Shevko et al. (2019, September) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Malitch et al. (2022) | |
| Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ² et al. (2020) |
Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ² et al. (2020) | |
Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ² et al. (2020) | |
| Barkov et al. (2018) |
| Erokhin et al. (2016) |
Erokhin et al. (2017, December) +1 other reference | |
| Watters et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +3 other references |
| ... +1 other reference |
David Zakharov specimen | |
| Ivanyuk et al. (2007) |
Yakovenchuk et al. (2008) | |
Arzamastsev et al. (1990) +2 other references | |
| - (n.d.) |
an X-ray and electron microprobe study of a partially metamict mineral. Mineralogical Magazine (6) +1 other reference | |
| Khomyakov A P et al. (1982) +10 other references |
Krasnova (2001) +1 other reference | |
[World of Stones 95:5-6 +3 other references | |
... | |
| Ivanyuk et al. (2012) |
Smolβkin et al. (2023) | |
| ... |
A. N. Korobeinikov et al. (1998) | |
| Barkov +3 other references |
Barkov +3 other references | |
Barkov et al. (2017) | |
| ... +2 other references |
| Mason (1963) +1 other reference |
| New York +4 other references |
| Erokhin et al. (2018) |
| Mason (1963) +1 other reference |
| Svetova et al. (2023) |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Chayka +9 other references | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Doroshkevich et al. (2022) | |
Nokleberg +1 other reference | |
| Sobolev et al. (2003) |
| Bulanova et al. (2000) |
D.A. Zedgenizov et al. +16 other references | |
Bulanova et al. (2000) | |
| Evseev (1973) +1 other reference |
| Ashchepkov et al. (2021) |
| Tychkov +4 other references |
Tychkov +4 other references | |
| Sharygin (2020) |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
| Galuskina et al. (2008) |
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
| W. Schreyer et al. (2003) |
| Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) |
| Semenenko et al. (1992) +4 other references |
| Zaccarini et al. (2008) |
| Garuti et al. (2003) |
| David A. Kring (1987) |
| Andreeva et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Buseck et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| Shmelev V.R. et al. (2014) |
Saint HelenaοΌ Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | |
Le Roex et al. (1990) +1 other reference | |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Abuamarah et al. (2023) |
Serbia | |
| Milojkovic (1977) |
Sierra Leone | |
Rollinson (1999) | |
| Bowles (2000) |
Slovakia | |
| OzdΓn et al. (2015) |
Esmark (1798) +1 other reference | |
| KodΔra P. et al. (Ε‘tiavnickΓ½ stratovulkΓ‘n) |
| M. Huraiova et al. |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Daniel OzdΓn collection. |
| Uher P. |
| PauliΕ‘ |
| KΓΊΕ‘ik R. et al. (in Slovak with French abstract) |
ZΓ‘branskΓ½ F. et al. (in Slovak with English ResumΓ©) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Mineralogy and Geochemistry" Minerals 12 +1 other reference |
| Radvanec et al. (2016) |
| OzdΓn et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Solomon Islands | |
| Mineralogical Magazine |
Allen et al. (1965) | |
South Africa | |
| Lightfoot et al. (1984) |
| D. Canil et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| McCall (2016) |
| South African Journal of Geology |
| South African Journal of Geology |
South African Journal of Geology | |
| South African Journal of Geology |
| Van der Merwe (2011) |
Armitage (2011) | |
Buchanan et al. (1981) | |
Li C et al. (2004) | |
| McCall (2016) |
| GΓΌnther (2013) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Nabil Z. Boctor and F. R. Boyd (1982) |
| Wu et al. (2010) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (Historical Archives) |
| Martin R. Lee (1993) +1 other reference |
South Korea | |
| Lee et al. (2022) |
s.j.kim. science of mineral | |
| Lee et al. (1998) |
| Atsuo Harumoto (1970) |
South Sudan | |
| Zolensky et al. (1996) |
| Clarke et al. (1971) +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Takeda et al. (2003) |
| Alejandro SΓ‘nchez JimΓ©nez |
| Romero Silva +3 other references |
GonzΓ‘lez-JimΓ©nez et al. (2023) | |
Orueta Duarte Domingo de Orueta (1917) +1 other reference | |
| Curras et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
| ColecciΓ³n Juan A.M. Barnestein |
Carlos Utrera MartΓn collection +2 other references | |
| Romero Silva (2003) +1 other reference |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference |
| B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference |
| B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference |
| Cepedal et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Arcos et al. (1996) |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Portillo-Blanco +5 other references |
| Casillas et al. (2024) |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
Calvo Rebollar (2018) | |
Francesco Sauro et al. (2021) +2 other references | |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
KlΓΌgel A et al. (Canary Islands) | |
| B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference |
B. Azambre et al. +1 other reference | |
| E. Salvioli-mariani et al. |
| Calvo et al. (2013) |
| Joaquim Mollfulleda |
| |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Guiomar Calvo Sevillano (2008) |
| Joan Rosell et al. (2023) |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| J.C. Fernandez-caliani et al. |
| Martin-Izard et al. (1995) |
| S. Capedri et al. : "Upper-mantle ... |
S. Capedri et al. : "Upper-mantle ... | |
| E. Salvioli-mariani et al. |
Sri Lanka | |
| G. W. A. R. Fernando et al. (2011) |
| Hapuarachichi +3 other references |
| Sieber and Sanchez LaFuente collections. |
Sieber collection | |
| Mineralogical Record (2001) +1 other reference |
| Ceylon Aluvial Mine (Book, Co. 2002) |
Sudan | |
| Hey et al. (10) +1 other reference |
| Suttle et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Sweden | |
| |
| S.Hjelmqvist: The titaniferous iron-ore ... |
| Wilke (1997) |
Wilke (1997) | |
Wilke (1997) | |
| DenisovΓ‘ (2013) |
| 33 IGC excursion No 12 +1 other reference |
| |
| Torstensson (2004) |
| Stenberg (2005) |
| Gustafsson et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Damman et al. (1990) |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
Grensman (2003) | |
| |
| Holtstam et al. (1998) |
Stolze et al. (03/21) | |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| |
| |
| SandstrΓΆm et al. (2010) |
| Appel et al. (1999) |
Switzerland | |
| Tarnuzzer (1902) +4 other references |
Tarnuzzer (1902) +3 other references | |
De Quervain (1935) +4 other references | |
| Trommsdorff et al. (1969) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
Personally collected by GΓΌnter Frenz | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser et al. (1990) |
Tajikistan | |
| Levitskii V.I. (1990) |
Malsy et al. (2010) | |
Rossovskii et al. (1963) | |
| Soloviev et al. (2019) |
Tanzania | |
| Zaitsev (2010) |
C.T. Lee et al. | |
| Victoria Sekisova et al. (2015) |
| Kingiti (Mpwampwa) |
Adam J.R. Kent and George R. Rossman. ... | |
| Wilhelmij et al. (2016) |
| C.T. Lee et al. |
| R.L. Rudnick et al. |
C.T. Lee et al. | |
| Lee et al. (2000) |
| Wu et al. (2023) |
| Evans et al. (2012) |
Thailand | |
| Srithai (2005, November) |
Turkey | |
| Weisberg et al. (2008) |
| Echle (1967) |
| Dilek et al. (2009) |
Turkmenistan | |
| Ivanova et al. (1992) |
| Grossman (1999) |
Uganda | |
| Bannister et al. (1942) |
UK | |
| |
| J. C. Phillips et al. (2013) |
Harrison (1975) | |
| - (numerous petrology texts and dictionaries) |
| HoBnscn (1981) |
| |
| Ferry (1996) |
| 102 (3) +1 other reference |
| Benedix et al. (1998) |
Ukraine | |
| Kvasnytsya et al. (2001) |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
Gennady P. Vdovykin (1973) | |
| Shumlyanskyy et al. (2000) |
| Mason (1963) |
| Keidel (1965) |
| Mason B. & Wikk H. B. (1963) |
| Ryabchikov et al. (2008) |
USA | |
| Graham et al. (1985) |
| Geological Society of America Bulletin |
| Thakurta (2008) |
| New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook |
| Cooper (1957) +1 other reference |
| |
| Josh Golden |
S.L. Hanson (2011) | |
| Perry (1969) +1 other reference |
| Bromfield (1956) |
King (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
rruff.info (n.d.) | |
| Smith (1970) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Thomas et al. (1983) |
| Bunch et al. (1969) |
| Galbraith (1947) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Peterson et al. (1981) | |
| - (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 66:252-262) +1 other reference |
| Zolensky (2014) |
| Erd et al. (1988) |
| W. S. Wise (2006) |
| Merrill |
| Grady (2000) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 146. +7 other references |
| American Mineralogist (1959) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 458 +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 458. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 458. +2 other references |
| Otton +2 other references |
Alfredo Petrov | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 458. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 458-459. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 459. +3 other references |
| Verish (2003) |
| Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (2006) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 386. +4 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 459. +2 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 138 +5 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 388 +2 other references |
| Spry et al. (2021) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Am Min 50:1179-1212 +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Spry et al. (2021) |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Spry et al. (2021) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| New York +5 other references |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Januzzi (1994) |
Manchester (1931) | |
Yale Peabody Museum collection | |
Wesleyan University collection. +1 other reference | |
King's Mark Environmental Review Team Report (1984) | |
| Meteoritics |
Manchester (1931) | |
Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (1984) |
| King (n.d.) |
GΓΌbelin et al. (1976) | |
| Albert Russ collection |
GΓΌbelin et al. (1976) | |
Jesse Crawford specimen | |
Trang et al. (2013) | |
| B. De Vivo et al. |
| Johnston et al. (1984) |
Dunham (1933) | |
| Micro Probe |
Ream (2004) | |
Ream (1995) | |
| Ream (2004) |
| Hamilton et al. (1963) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1967 36 : 120-126 |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Kracher et al. (1984) | |
| Boesenberg et al. (1997) |
| doi.org (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Buseck et al. (1969) +3 other references |
| Grossman (1996) +1 other reference |
| Klaus Keil (1963) +2 other references |
| Weisberg et al. (2010) |
| Palmer et al. (Oct 2011) +1 other reference |
| Davis et al. (1989, March) |
| Watters et al. (1979) |
| Falster et al. (2004) |
| McHone et al. (1982) |
| Boucot et al. (1964) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Rainville et al. (1976) |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
| Reilly |
| Marvinney (2010) |
Robert G. Marvinney (April, 2010A) | |
| Houston |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Wandke |
| Stuart Herring Collection |
| Mineralogical Record Vol 12 #3 May/June ... |
| Noonan et al. (1977) |
| "Western Massachusetts Mineral ... |
| Brownlow (MIT thesis) |
| Harvard Museum of Natural History |
| Cook |
| Cook (1974) |
| Yale Peabody Museum #580 +1 other reference |
| - (1917) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Institute on Lake Superior Geology ... +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Good et al. (2010) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
Heinrich et al. (2004) | |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Tutolo et al. (2019) |
| Institute on Lake Superior Geology ... |
| Min Rec 31:4 p383-372 |
| Grady et al. (2015) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference |
| Kuehner et al. (2003, June) |
Gobla (2012) | |
| Shannon (1923) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| USGS Bulletin 1674E |
| Meteoritics & Planetary Science |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
MacDonald et al. (2019) | |
| Tom Mortimer |
| Peter Cristofono collection |
| Volkert (2005) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Wasson et al. (2003) |
| Buseck et al. (1969) +1 other reference |
| Acosta et al. (2012) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Am Min (1937) +1 other reference |
NMBMMR Bull 11 The Geology of the Organ ... | |
Am Min (1937) | |
| - (2005) |
| Graham (1989) +2 other references |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook |
| Noonan (1975) |
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Volume ... | |
| New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
| J. Dyer collection |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
Robinson et al. (2007) | |
| Kearns (1977) |
| Hunter (1941) |
Hunter (1941) | |
| Hunter (1941) |
Hunter (1941) | |
| King (n.d.) |
Hunter (1941) | |
- (2005) | |
| King (n.d.) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Hunter (1941) |
King (n.d.) | |
Wards Natural Science specimen : RRUFF ... | |
American Museum Of Natural History: ... | |
U.S Department Of Commerce +1 other reference | |
| U.S Department Of Commerce +1 other reference |
American Museum Of Natural History: ... | |
McCormick (1975) | |
John Krygier | |
| Rubin et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Record (2) |
| Lapham et al. (1965) +2 other references |
| Gordon (1922) +1 other reference |
| Gordon (1922) +1 other reference |
| Bikerman (1997) |
| Chapman (1950) +1 other reference |
| Lapham et al. (1965) +2 other references |
Mineralogical Record (1981) | |
| Gordon (1922) +1 other reference |
| Smith (1973) |
| |
| Rocks & Minerals (1986) |
| Miller (1971) |
| Watters et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Watters et al. (1979) |
| Fredriksson et al. (1984) |
| Rubin et al. (1983) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 66 (3) +1 other reference |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (2020) |
| American Mineralogist (1929) |
| Ehlmann (1988) |
| Davis et al. (1984) |
| Rubin et al. (2009) |
| Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114) +1 other reference |
| gsa.confex.com (n.d.) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Staargaard (2009) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
Calkins +4 other references | |
- (2005) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| AmerJrnSci. 276: 502-524. (1976) |
Woodford et al. (2001) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook |
New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook | |
New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook | |
| Bullock (1981) +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Perkins |
| Chidester et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| USGS OFR 2006-1229 |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Dietrich (1990) | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
Dietrich (1990) | |
| New York +5 other references |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Journal of Petrology 16 (1) |
| Cannon (1975) |
Specimen in the collection of Bart ... | |
| R. Derkey +2 other references |
| Meteoritics |
| Klewin +1 other reference |
| May (1996) |
| www.uwrf.edu/~wc01/meteorite.html +1 other reference |
| Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114) |
| Buseck et al. (1969) +2 other references |
| gsa.confex.com (n.d.) |
Mitchell R.H. and Bergman S.C. (1991) | |
Uzbekistan | |
| Grossman et al. (2001) |
Venezuela | |
| NEWMAN |
Vietnam | |
| Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
Pham Van Long et al. (2004) | |
Colored Stone Magazine | |
| Xu et al. (2024) |
Krivovichev et al. (2022) | |
Yemen | |
| LPSC 28 +1 other reference |
| specimen of Bundesanstalt fuer Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Hannover) |
| Ali et al. (2007) |
Zambia | |
| Holwell et al. (2017) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Walsh et al. (1997) |
| Hossain (1977) |
Kopylova et al. (1997) | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
162173 Ryugu | |
Mars | |
| Jackson et al. (2016) |
| Several papers on: Science Express |
Outer Space | |
Nakamura-Messenger et al. (2010) | |
Gornitz (2007) +1 other reference | |
The Moon | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2015) |
| Walker et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Vinogradov (1971) |
| Longhi et al. (1974) |
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Sapat Gali, Naran, Kaghan Valley, Mansehra District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan