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Benbolt, USA

Formation	Benbolt
Member(s)	Burkes Garden Burkes Garden Limestone lower Shannondale Limestone
Age:	461 - 443 Ma Paleozoic
Interval	Ashbyan - Late Ordovician
Tectonic Setting	Foreland basin
Lithology	packstone/grainstone, packstone/mudstone, packstone/wackestone, "limestone", packstone/"shale"
Number of Collections	17
Number of Occurrences	90

Recorded Sample Locations

Location	Region	Stratigraphic Name
Cedar Springs	Knox County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt - lower
Rye Cove Sample 1	Scott County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Pennsylvanian System Stratotype in the New River Formation of West Virginia	Wythe County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Oepikina Beds	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Oepikina beds	Bland County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Oepikina Beds	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Cliffield Fm	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Benbolt Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Benbolt Formation	Giles County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Southwest of Liberty	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Benbolt Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden
Benbolt Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Cliffield Formation	Tazewell County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone
Benbolt Formation	Knox County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Rye Cove	Scott County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt
Benbolt Formation	Grainger County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Benbolt Formation	Union County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Hunter Valley allochthon	Union County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Three quarters a mile southwest of Mt. Eager Church	Grainger County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Rye Cove	Scott County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt
Roadcut along U.S. Hwys. 23	Scott County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt
Evan's Ferry Sample 9	Grainger County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Northeast of Washburn	Grainger County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
One Mile west of Gate City	Scott County, Virginia, USA	Benbolt
0.4 mile east-northeast of Red Hill	Grainger County, Tennessee, USA	Benbolt
Difficilicrinus coneyi type locality	Bell County, Kentucky, USA	Benbolt

Associated Units

Stratigraphic Name	Age	Lithology	Occurrence Records
Benbolt - Burkes Garden	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	22
Benbolt - Burkes Garden Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	317
Benbolt - lower	470 - 458 Ma Middle Ordovician	carbonate/"shale"	37
Benbolt - Shannondale Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	256
Benbolt-Wardell	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	packstone/grainstone, "carbonate"/packstone, "carbonate"/"shale"	65
Bowen	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	mudstone, mudstone/lime mudstone	11
Cliffield - Blackford	468 - 461 Ma Middle Ordovician	chert/"limestone"	40
Cliffield - Five Oaks Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	35
Cliffield - Lincolnshire Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	40
Cliffield - Peery Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	166
Cliffield - Ward Cove Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	56
Dryden	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	packstone/grainstone	6
Eggleston	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	mudstone/"limestone"	54
Gratton	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	4
Gratton Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	74
Lenoir	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	lime mudstone, packstone/mudstone	29
Lincolnshire	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	12
Lincolnshire - Hogskin	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	21
Moccasin	0.13 - 0.01 Ma Pleistocene	limestone/"shale", "limestone", "carbonate"/mudstone, "limestone"/siltstone, mudstone/"limestone", claystone	37
Ottosee Shale	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	shale	2
Ward Cove	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	1
Wardell	461 - 443 Ma Paleozoic	mudstone/grainstone, "carbonate"/"shale", "carbonate"/packstone, "limestone", "shale"/sandstone, "shale", "limestone"/"shale"	291
Witten Limestone	461 - 450 Ma Ordovician	limestone	211
Knox - Roubidoux	485 - 478 Ma Paleozoic	dolomite	1

Recorded Fossils

Accepted Name	Type	Hierarchy	Age
Ostracoda class	3	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Leperditia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Leperditiidae : *Leperditia*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Eurychilina latimarginata species	7	Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Palaeocopida : Eurychilina : *Eurychilina latimarginata*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Trilobita class	3	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Homotelus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Asaphidae : *Homotelus*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Isotelus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Asaphidae : *Isotelus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Lonchodomas sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Asaphida : Raphiophoridae : *Lonchodomas*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Bumastus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Illaenidae : *Bumastus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Illaenus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Illaenidae : *Illaenus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Nanillaenus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Corynexochida : Illaenidae : *Nanillaenus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Dolichoharpes sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Harpetida : Harpetidae : *Dolichoharpes*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Hibbertia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Harpida : Harpetidae : *Hibbertia*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Ceraurus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Cheiruridae : *Ceraurus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Calyptaulax sp. genus	6	Animalia : Arthropoda : Trilobita : Phacopida : Pterygometopidae : *Calyptaulax*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Brachiopoda phylum	2	Animalia : Brachiopoda	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Acanthocrania sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Craniata : Craniida : Craniidae : *Acanthocrania*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Lingulella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Lingulida : Obolidae : *Lingulella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Schizambon sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Lingulata : Siphonotretida : Siphonotretidae : *Schizambon*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Protozyga sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Atrypida : Protozygidae : *Protozyga*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Cyrtonotella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Archaeorthidae : *Cyrtonotella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Eremotrema sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Dalmanellidae : *Eremotrema*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Glyptorthis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Glyptorthidae : *Glyptorthis*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Glyptorthis bellarugosa species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Glyptorthidae : Glyptorthis : *Glyptorthis bellarugosa*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Glyptorthis uniformis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Glyptorthidae : Glyptorthis : *Glyptorthis uniformis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Hesperorthis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Hesperorthidae : *Hesperorthis*	460.9 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Ptychopleurella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Hesperorthidae : *Ptychopleurella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Orthambonites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Orthidae : *Orthambonites*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Paurorthis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Paurorthidae : *Paurorthis*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Dinorthis interstriata species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : Dinorthis : *Dinorthis interstriata*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Dinorthis transversa species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : Dinorthis : *Dinorthis transversa*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Multicostella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : *Multicostella*	460.9 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Multicostella platys species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : Multicostella : *Multicostella platys*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Plaesiomys sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : *Plaesiomys*	460.9 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Valcourea sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plaesiomyidae : *Valcourea*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Mimella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plectorthidae : *Mimella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Mimella globosa species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plectorthidae : Mimella : *Mimella globosa*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Mimella vulgaris species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plectorthidae : Mimella : *Mimella vulgaris*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Plectorthis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plectorthidae : *Plectorthis*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Plectorthis exfoliata species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Orthida : Plectorthidae : Plectorthis : *Plectorthis exfoliata*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Camerella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Camerellidae : *Camerella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Camerella varians species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Camerellidae : Camerella : *Camerella varians*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Perimecocoelia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Pentamerida : Camerellidae : *Perimecocoelia*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Skenidioides sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Protorthida : Skenidiidae : *Skenidioides*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Camarotoechia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Camarotoechiidae : *Camarotoechia*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Sphenotreta acutirostris species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Sphenotretidae : Sphenotreta : *Sphenotreta acutirostris*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Rostricellula sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Trigonirhynchiidae : *Rostricellula*	460.9 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Rostricellula pristina species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Rhynchonellata : Rhynchonellida : Trigonorhynchiidae : Rostricellula : *Rostricellula pristina*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Atelelasma sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Billingsellida : Clitambonitidae : *Atelelasma*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Apatomorpha pulchella species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Leptellinidae : Apatomorpha : *Apatomorpha pulchella*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Leptellina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Leptellinidae : *Leptellina*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Palaeostrophomena sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Leptellinidae : *Palaeostrophomena*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Isophragma sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Plectambonitidae : *Isophragma*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Colaptomena sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : *Colaptomena*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Macrocoelia magna species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : Colaptomena : *Macrocoelia magna*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Macrocoelia rotunda species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : Colaptomena : *Macrocoelia rotunda*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Rafinesquina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : *Rafinesquina*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Rafinesquina deltoidea species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : Rafinesquina : *Rafinesquina deltoidea*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Rhipidomena sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : *Rhipidomena*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Rhipidomena tennesseensis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Rafinesquinidae : Rhipidomena : *Rhipidomena tennesseensis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Ptychoglyptus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Sowerbyellidae : *Ptychoglyptus*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Sowerbyella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Sowerbyellidae : *Sowerbyella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Dactylogonia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : *Dactylogonia*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Dactylogonia obsoleta species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : Dactylogonia : *Dactylogonia obsoleta*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Dactylogonia palustris species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : Dactylogonia : *Dactylogonia palustris*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Oepikina sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : *Oepikina*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Oepikina minnesotensis species	7	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : Oepikina : *Oepikina minnesotensis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Strophomena sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Strophomenidae : *Strophomena*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Sowerbyites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Brachiopoda : Strophomenata : Strophomenida : Syndielasmatidae : *Sowerbyites*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Bryozoa phylum	2	Animalia : Bryozoa	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Graptodictya sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cryptostomida : Ptilodictyidae : *Graptodictya*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Phaenopora sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cryptostomida : Ptilodictyidae : *Phaenopora*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Pachydictya sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cryptostomida : Rhinidictyidae : *Pachydictya*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Rhinidictya sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cryptostomida : Rhinidictyidae : *Rhinidictya*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Anolotichia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Cystoporida : Ceramoporidae : *Anolotichia*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Chasmatopora sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Fenestrida : Phylloporinidae : *Chasmatopora*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Nicholsonella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Bryozoa : Stenolaemata : Constellariidae : *Nicholsonella*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Crinoidea class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Archaeocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Archaeocrinus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Diabolocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Diabolocrinus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Acolocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Acolocrinus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Apodasmocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Apodasmocrinus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Difficilicrinus coneyi species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Homocrinida : Homocrinidae : Difficilicrinus : *Difficilicrinus coneyi*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Carabocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Carabocrinidae : *Carabocrinus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Palaeocrinus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Palaeocrinus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Triboloporus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Crinoidea : *Triboloporus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Eumorphocystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Diploporita : Eumorphocystidae : *Eumorphocystis*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Eumorphocystis multiporata species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Diploporita : Eumorphocystidae : Eumorphocystis : *Eumorphocystis multiporata*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Edrioasteroidea class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Edrioasteroidea	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Eocrinoidea class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Eocrinoidea	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Batherocystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Eocrinoidea : *Batherocystis*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Homoiostelea class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Homoiostelea	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Macurdablastus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : *Macurdablastus*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Macurdablastus uniplicatus species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Macurdablastus : *Macurdablastus uniplicatus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Parablastoidea order	4	Animalia : Echinodermata : Parablastoidea	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Meristoschisma sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Parablastoidea : *Meristoschisma*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Paracrinoidea class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Schuchertocystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Comarocystitida : *Schuchertocystis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Columbocystis typica species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Springerocystidae : Columbocystis : *Columbocystis typica*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Foerstecystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Springerocystidae : *Foerstecystis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Springerocystis longicollis species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Springerocystidae : Springerocystis : *Springerocystis longicollis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Globulocystites sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Platycystitida : *Globulocystites*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Globulocystites rotundatus species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Platycystitida : Globulocystites : *Globulocystites rotundatus*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Canadocystis tennesseensis species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Platycystitida : Platycystitidae : Canadocystis : *Canadocystis tennesseensis*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Platycystites faberi species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Platycystitida : Platycystitidae : Platycystites : *Platycystites faberi*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Platycystites ovalis species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Paracrinoidea : Platycystitida : Platycystitidae : Platycystites : *Platycystites ovalis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Coronocystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Cheirocrinidae : *Coronocystis*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Coronocystis angulatus species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Cheirocrinidae : Coronocystis : *Coronocystis angulatus*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Sprinkleocystis ektopios species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Cheirocrinidae : Sprinkleocystis : *Sprinkleocystis ektopios*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Echinosphaerites aurantium species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Echinosphaeritidae : Echinosphaerites : *Echinosphaerites aurantium*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Ulrichocystis sp. genus	6	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : *Ulrichocystis*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Amecystis raymondi species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Pleurocystitidae : Amecystis : *Amecystis raymondi*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Coopericystis pyriformis species	7	Animalia : Echinodermata : Rhombifera : Pleurocystitidae : Coopericystis : *Coopericystis pyriformis*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Stylophora class	3	Animalia : Echinodermata : Stylophora	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Cephalopoda class	3	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Nautiloidea subclass	3.3	Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautiloidea	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Gastropoda class	3	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Holopea scrutator species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Holopeidae : Holopea : *Holopea scrutator*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Maclurites magnus species	7	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Euomphalina : Macluritidae : Maclurites : *Maclurites magnus*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Raphistoma sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Raphistomatidae : *Raphistoma*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Cyrtonella sp. genus	6	Animalia : Mollusca : Tergomya : Cyrtonellida : Cyrtonellidae : *Cyrtonella*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Porifera phylum	2	Animalia : Porifera	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Allosaccus sp. genus	6	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Lithistida : *Allosaccus*	470 - 458.4 Ma Middle Ordovician
Eospongia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Lithistida : Streptosolenidae : *Eospongia*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Eospongia roemeri species	7	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Lithistida : Streptosolenidae : Eospongia : *Eospongia roemeri*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Hudsonospongia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Lithistida : Streptosolenidae : *Hudsonospongia*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Dystactospongia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Sigmatosclerophorida : Dystactospongiidae : *Dystactospongia*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Hindia sp. genus	6	Animalia : Porifera : Demospongea : Streptosclerophorida : Hindiidae : *Hindia*	485.4 - 443.4 Ma Paleozoic
Girvanella sp. genus	6	Bacteria : Cyanobacteria : Cyanophyceae : Porostromataceae : *Girvanella*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Tetradium sp. genus	6	Plantae : Tracheophyta : Magnoliopsida : Sapindales : Rutaceae : *Tetradium*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician
Solenopora sp. genus	6	Plantae : Rhodophyta : Rhodophyceae : Solenoporaceae : *Solenopora*	460.9 - 449.5 Ma Ordovician

References

Cooper B. N., Prouty C. E. (1943) Stratigraphy of the Lower Middle Ordovician of Tazewell County, Virginia, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 54, 819-886

Bassler R. S. (1950) New genera of American Middle Ordovician "Cystoidea", Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40 9, 273-277

Cooper G. A. (1956) Chazyan and related brachiopods, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 127, 1-1245

Cooper G. A. (1956) New Pennsylvanian Brachiopods, Journal of Paleontology 30 3, 521-530

Parsley R. L. (1970) Revision of the North American Pleurocystitidae (Rhombifera-Cystoidea), Bulletins of American Paleontology 58, 135-213

Parsley R. L., Mintz L. W. (1975) North American Paracrinoidea: (Ordovician: Paracrinozoa, new: Echinodermata), Bulletins of American Paleontology 68, 1-115

Frest T. J., Strimple H. L., et al (1979) Two new crinoids from the Ordovician of Virginia and Oklahoma, with notes on pinnulation in the Disparida, Journal of Paleontology 53, 399-415

Frest T. J., Strimple H. L., et al (1979) Paracrinoids (Platycystitidae) from the Benbolt Formation (Blackriverian) of Virginia, Journal of Paleontology 53 2, 380-398

Broadhead T. W. (1984) Macurdablastus, a Middle Ordovician Blastoid from the Southern Appalachians, The University of Kansas, Paleontological Contibutions 110, 1-9

Patzkowsky M. E. (1995) Gradient analysis of Middle Ordovician brachiopod biofacies: Biostratigraphic, biogeographic, and Macroevolutionary Implications, Palaios 10 2, 154-179

Broadhead T. W., Sumrall C. D. (2003) Heterochrony and paedomorphic morphology of Sprinkleocystis ektopios, new genus and species, (Rhombifera, Glyptocystida) from the Middle Ordovician (Caradoc) of Tennessee, Journal of Paleontology 77 1, 113-120

Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!

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