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Hydrohetaerolite

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Precaución mine, El Estrecho de San Ginés, La Unión, Sierra de Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
© 2005 - MMI

Show Hydrohetaerolite Photos (3)
Formula:
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
System:TetragonalColour:Dark brown to brownish ...
Hardness:5 - 6
Name:In allusion to the water content (HYDRO) and its relationship to hetaerolite.


Reinvestigation with modern methods seems to be needed.

Classification of Hydrohetaerolite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.05-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.7.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.5.7

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Hydrohetaerolite

Co-type Localities:Wolftone Mine, Carbonate Hill, Leadville, Leadville District, Lake Co., Colorado, USA
Passaic Pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine), Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1928

Physical Properties of Hydrohetaerolite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent on thin edges
Colour:Dark brown to brownish black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Cleavable parallel to the elongation of the fibers.
Density (measured):4.6 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hydrohetaerolite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.73Å, c = 9Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.571
Unit Cell Volume:V 295.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Massive, in fibrous crusts with a botryoidal surface. Fibers elongated [011] ?

Optical Data of Hydrohetaerolite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.260 nε = 2.100
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.160

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Hydrohetaerolite

Formula:
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mn, O, Zn
All elements listed in formula:H, Mn, O, Zn

Relationship of Hydrohetaerolite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
(Ge,Fe)Fe
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
FeCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
FeV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
FeAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
MgCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,[])
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.5.1Zincite
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
7.5.2Sweetite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.3Ashoverite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.4Wülfingite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.5Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.6Hetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.8Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
7.5.9Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
7.5.10Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.5.11Monteponite
CdO
7.5.12Montroydite
HgO

Other Names for Hydrohetaerolite

Synonyms:
BackstromitePseudopyrochroiteWolftonite
German names:
Hydrohetaerolit
Spanish names:
Hydrohetaerolita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hydrohetaerolite

Reference List:Butler (1913), Economic Geology: 8: 8.

Ford and Bradley (1913), American Journal of Science: 35: 600 (as hetaerolite).

Palache, C. (1928), American Mineralogist: 13: 297.

Palache, C. (1935), The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USGS Professional Paper 180: 53.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 717-718.

American Mineralogist (1956): 41: 268.

Meisser, N., Perseil, E.A. (1993)
* Schweiz.Mineral.Petr.Mitt., 73, 11-19

Internet Links for Hydrohetaerolite

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    Localities for Hydrohetaerolite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Puttapa
    		Elliott, P. (1991): Minerals from the Beltana mine, Puttapa, South Australia. Mineral. Rec. 22, 449-456.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Madan
          • Rudosem
    		Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual Report No. 13, 43-45.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Tipperary
      • Silvermines District
    		No reference listed
    Cornwall
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(Several japanese language references; no good reference available in english yet, but will be published soon.)
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Rocks & Min.: 56:247.
    Panczner (1987): 235.
    Norway
     
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Grua Mining District
    		NHM, Oslo XRD / SEM-EDS
    Poland
     
    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
      • Bytom (Beuthen) District
    		Kulig M. 1972: Hydrohetaerolite from the Orzeł Biały mine (Upper Silesia) and the problem of zincdibraunite. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 3, 55-66
    Portugal
     
    • Aveiro District
      • Albergaria-a-Velha
    Spain
     
    • Murcia
      • Sierra de Cartagena
        • La Unión
          • El Estrecho de San Ginés
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    [Mineralogical Record Vol 12 No.5 pp307]
        • Tombstone District
          • Tombstone
            • Silver Plume Mine (Emerald & Silver Plume Mine group)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 254.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Clark Mts
    		[Mineralien Welt 1/93:44]
    • Colorado
      • Lake Co.
        • Leadville District
          • Leadville
            • Carbonate Hill
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 272, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
            • Iron Hill
    		The Oxidized Zinc Ores of Leadville Colorado, G. F. Loughlin, 1918
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Palache(1935):53; Baum, J.L.: The Sterling Hill mud zone: The Picking Table:3(2):8-10; Dunn(1995):Pt4:599.
    • Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Deep Creek Mts
          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
            • Gold Hill
    		Mineralogical Record Vol. 24 Number 1
    Min Rec 24:1 pp11-22
    Mineral and/or Locality
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