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Thortveitite

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Kåbuland, Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway
© Knut Eldjarn

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Formula:
(Sc,Y)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
System:MonoclinicColour:Greyish-green, black, ...
Hardness:6 - 7
Name:Named after Olaus Thortveit, Norwegian engineer.


Thortveitite Group.

Classification of Thortveitite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/C.01-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.BC.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
C : Si2O7 groups, without non-tetrahedral anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:55.2.1a.4

55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
2 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with no Additional Anions with cations in [6] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.8.5

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
8 : Silicates of Group III metals other than Al
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Type Occurrence of Thortveitite

Type Locality:Ljosland 4 pegmatite (Knipan 1; Knipane; Ljoslandsknipan), Ljosland, Iveland, Aust-Agder, Norway
Year of Discovery:1911

Physical Properties of Thortveitite

Lustre:Vitreous, Waxy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:Greyish-green, black, gray, blue, yellowish
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 7

Crystallography of Thortveitite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 6.65Å, b = 8.61Å, c = 4.68Å
β = 102.2°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.772 : 1 : 0.544
Unit Cell Volume:V 261.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Thortveitite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.756 nβ = 1.793 nγ = 1.809
2V:Measured: 65° , Calculated: 64°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.053

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:distinct to strong

Chemical Properties of Thortveitite

Formula:
(Sc,Y)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Essential elements:O, Sc, Si
All elements listed in formula:O, Sc, Si, Y
Common Impurities:Zr,Hf,Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Ce,TR

Relationship of Thortveitite to other Species

Member of Group:
Thortveitite Group:
REE
 
2
Si
 
2
O
 
7
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.BC.05Gittinsite
CaZr[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BC.05Keiviite-(Y)
(Y,Yb)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BC.05Keiviite-(Yb)
(Yb,Y)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BC.05Yttrialite-(Y)
(Y,Th)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BC.10Keldyshite
(Na,H)
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.BC.10Khibinskite
K
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.BC.10Parakeldyshite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
2
O
 
7
9.BC.15Rankinite
Ca
 
3
Si
 
2
O
 
7
9.BC.20Barysilite
Pb
 
8
Mn
2+
 
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
 
3
9.BC.25Edgarbaileyite
(Hg-Hg)
 
3
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
9.BC.30Kristiansenite
Ca
 
2
ScSn(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
OH)
9.BC.35Percleveite-(Ce)
(Ce,La,Nd)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.8.1Thalénite-(Y)
Y
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
10
(OH)
14.8.2Keiviite-(Y)
(Y,Yb)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.8.3Keiviite-(Yb)
(Yb,Y)
 
2
[Si
 
2
O
 
7
]
14.8.4Tombarthite-(Y)
Y
 
4
[HSiO
 
4
]
 
3
14.8.6Sazhinite-(Ce)
Na
 
3
Ce[Si
 
6
O
 
15
] · 6H
 
2
O
14.8.7Monteregianite-(Y)
(Na,K)
 
6
(Y,Ca)
 
2
Si
 
16
O
 
38
·10H
 
2
O
14.8.8Iraqite-(La)
K(Ca,Na)
 
2
(La,Ce,Th)[(Si,Al)
 
8
O
 
20
]
14.8.9Ashcroftine-(Y)
K
 
5
Na
 
5
(Y,Ca)
 
12
Si
 
28
O
 
70
(OH)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
8
·8H
 
2
O
14.8.10Nordite-(La)
(La,Ce)(Sr,Ca)Na
 
2
(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si
 
6
O
 
17
14.8.11Nordite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(Sr,Ca)Na
 
2
(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si
 
6
O
 
17
14.8.12Jervisite
(Na,Ca,Fe
2+
 
)(Sc,Mg,Fe
2+
 
)[Si
 
2
O
 
6
]
14.8.13Cerite-(Ce)
(Ce,Ca)
 
9
(Fe,Mg)(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
[SiO
 
3
(OH)]
 
4
(OH)
 
3
14.8.14Cascandite
Ca(Sc,Fe
3+
 
)[HSi
 
3
O
 
9
]

Other Names for Thortveitite

Other Languages:
German:Thortveitit
Russian:Тортвейтит
Spanish:Thortveitita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Thortveitite

Reference List:Schetelig, J. (1911) Über Thortveitit, ein neues Mineral. Vorläufige Mitteilung. Centrbl. f. Mineral., 1911, 721-726.

Schetelig, J. (1912) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 6, 233-244.

Schetelig, J. (1922): Thortveitit- Ein scandiumsilikat, (Sc,Y)2Si2O7. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 51-87 + plates X-XIII

American Mineralogist (1922): 7: 195.

Sakurai (1962) Thortvetite from Kobe, Omiya, Japan. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 35: 1775-1779.

Parker & Havens (1963) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-B: B10-B11.

Krol et al (1969) Thortveitite as an accessory mineral in Permian alaskite granites (Central Kazakhstan) (in Russian) [Consult Chem. Abstr., 81, 44180r (1971)].

Lee (1970) Some Rare-earth mineral deposits in mainland China. U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1312-N: N1-N34.

Kainov (1973) Thortveitite and xenotime from quartz veins of the southern Ural. (in Russian) [Consult Chem Abstr.,81, 27911g (1974)].

Pello, N. (1988): Finland crystals up to 6 cm. (pers. comm. to Roy Kristiansen from Seppo Lahti 1988).

Voloshin et al. (1991) Scandium mineralization and the first find of thortveitite Sc2Si2O7 in granitic pegmatites of the Kola peninsula. Dokl. Acak. Naul, SSSR, 318: 972-976 (in Russian).

Foord, Eugene E. et al (1993) Canadian Mineralogist: 31: 337-346.

Yamada et al. On the thortveitite, fluocerite, pyroxferroite and minerals from Isangomine, Oro, Naka gun, Kyoto prefecture. Chigaky Kenkyu, 31: 205-222 (in Japanese).

Egorov et al. (1993): Kumir scandium-rare-earth ore occurrence in Gorno Altai. Izv. Vyssh. Uchbn. Zaved., Geol. Razved.,(2): 43-54.

Yokoyama et al. (1993): Analyses of natural minerals by energy-dispersive spectrometer. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, series C: 19: 115-126 (in Japanese).

Canadian Mineralogist (1993): 31: 337.

Zhang Peishan et al, (1995): Mineralogy and geology of Rare earths in China. Science Press Beijing. (in English).

Langhof (1996): Thortveitite from granitic NYF pegmatites in Sweden. Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 118: A54.

Kristiansen (1997): STEIN magazine, 24, 111-115.

Spandler et al. (2004) American Mineralogist: 89: 1795-1806.

Internet Links for Thortveitite

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    Localities for Thortveitite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Obersulzbach valley
          • Hopffeld area
    		Putz, H. (2007): Beiträge zur Landesmineralogie Salzburgs. Miner. Arch. Salzb. 12, 255-256.
    Brazil
     
    • Northeast Region
    		Kristiansen (1997) STEIN magazine: 24: 111-115.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Potter & Mitchel (2005)
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Linwu Co.
          • Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field
    		Lee (1970) Some Rare-earth mineral deposits in mainland China. U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1312-N: N1-N34.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Luzenac
    		Le Règne Minéral, (Hors série 8), 29-63
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Görlitz
          • Thiemendorf
    		T. Witzke & T. Giesler (2003): Thortveitit aus dem Königshainer Granit in der Lausitz, Sachsen - ein Neufund für Deutschland.- Lapis 28 (6), 46-47
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Maremola Valley
          • Magliolo
    		Bracco, R., Callegari, A., Boiocchi, M., Balestra, C., Armellino, G., Ciriotti, M. E. (2006). Costa Balzi Rossi (Magliolo, Val Maremola, Savona, Liguria): una nuova località per minerali di terre rare e scandio. MICRO (località), 2006, 161-178.
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Ceresio Valley
    		Guastoni A., Pezzotta F., Demartin F., 2004. Contributo alla mineralogia del granofiro di Cuasso al Monte: recenti determinazioni su esemplari del MSNM. Riv. Mineral. Ital., 28, 4: 194-202.
    Am Min 90:1442-1452
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Baveno
          • Oltrefiume
            • Mount Camoscio
    		No reference listed
    • Sardinia
      • Olbia-Tempio Pausania Province
        • Calangianus
    		Tanca, G.A., Gamboni, A., Mamberti, M. & Mascia, S. (2007) – Furru e Conca, Massiccio granitico del Monte Limbara, Calangianus, Olbia-Tempio Pausania - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano. 31,4,pp.274-281.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Kyoto Prefecture
          • Naka-gun
    		Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto)
    Yamada et al (1980), Chigaku Kenkyu: 31: 205-222.
          • Ohmiya town
            • Kobe
    		Sakurai et al. (1962): Thortveitite from Kobe, Omiya, Japan. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 35: 1775-1779.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Zhezqazghan Oblysy (Dzezkazgan Oblast'; Dzhezkazgan Oblast'; Djezkazgan Oblast'; Jezkazgan Oblast')
      • Balqash (Balkhash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
        • Mointy (Moyynty)
          • Mointy Railway Station
    		A.V. Stepanov data
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Analamanga Region
        • Ankazobe Pegmatite Field
          • Anjozorobe District
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, 19-20
          • Ankazobe District
    		 Ankazobe District, Ankazobe Pegmatite Field, Guigues, J. (1955): Etude des gisements de pegmatite de Madagascar (Deuxième partie). Travaux du Bureau Géologiques de Madagascar 67, Service Geologique, Tananarive, p 8-9
    Guigues, J. (1955): Etude des gisements de pegmatite de Madagascar (Deuxième partie). Travaux du Bureau Géologiques de Madagascar 67, Service Geologique, Tananarive, p 6-8
    New Caledonia
    Spandler et al (2004) American Mineralogist: 89: 1795-1806.
    Spandler et al (2004) American Mineralogist: 89: 1795-1806.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
        • Landsverk
    		Centralbl.Mineral. etc. (1911) 721-726; http://www.mindat.org/mesg-7-129885.html
    - Schetelig, J. (1922): Thortveitit- Ein scandiumsilikat, (Sc, Y)2Si2O7. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die MIneralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 51-87 + plates X- XIII
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Thortveitit- Ein scandiumsilikat, (Sc, Y)2Si2O7. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 51-87
      • Iveland
        • Eptevann (Eftevann)
    		Schetelig, J. (1922): Thortveitit- Ein scandiumsilikat, (Sc, Y)2Si2O7. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die Mineralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 51-87
        • Frikstad (Frigstad)
    		Nordrum, F. S. (2004): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2003-2004. STEIN 31 (2), 36-44
    J.Ralph Collection + Neumann, H. & Sverdrup, T.L.(1960): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No. 8. Davidite from Tuftan, Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 40: 277-288
        • Håverstad
    		Bjørlykke, H. (1934): The Mineral Paragenesis and Classification of the Granite Pegmatites of Iveland, Setesdal, Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 14, 211-311
    Nilssen, B. (1971): Yttrialite from Ivedal, Iveland, South Norway. Nosk Geologisk Tidsskrift 51, 1-8
    Bjørlykke, H. (1934): The Mineral Paragenesis and Classification of the Granite Pegmatites of Iveland, Setesdal, Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 14, 211-311
    Knut Eldjarn collection
    Knut Eldjarn collection
        • Ljosland
    		Bjørlykke, H.( 1934): The Mineral Paragenesis and Classification of the Granite Pegmatites of Iveland, Setesdal, Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 14, 211-311
    Schetelig, J. (1922): Thortveitit- Ein scandiumsilikat, (Sc, Y)2Si2O7. in Brøgger, W.C, Vogt, Th. & Schetelig, J. (1922): Die MIneralien der südnorwegischen Granitpegmatitgänge. II. Silikate der seltenen Erde. Videnskapsselskapets Skrifter. I.Mat-Naturv. Klasse 1922. 11, 51-87
    • Finnmark
      • Kautokeino
    		Kristiansen, R. (2003): Scandium-mineraler i Norge. STEIN 30 (2), 14-23
    Olerud,S. (1988): Davidite-loveringite in early Proterozoic albite felsite in Finnmark, North Norway. Mineralogical Magazine 52: 400-402
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Knut Edvard Larsen collection/ Roy Kristiansen collection
      • Nome
    		Åmli, R. (1977): Carbonatites, a possible source of Scandium as indicated by Sc-mineralization in the Fen peralkaline complex, Southern Norway. Economic Geology 72: 855-859
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Świdnica District
    		Chabros E., Dzierżanowski P., Kozłowski P. 2002: Post-magmatic rare-earth-element mineralisation in the granitoid Strzegom Massif, SW Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 20, 71-73
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    		Voloshin et al (1991) Scandium mineralization and the first find of thortveitite Sc2Si2O7 in granitic pegmatites of the Kola peninsula. Dokl. Acak. Naul, SSSR, 318: 972-976 (in Russian).
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Kainov (1973) Thortveitite and xenotime from quartz veins of the southern Ural. (in Russian) [Consult Chem Abstr.,81, 27911g (1974)]
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
    		Egorov et al (1993) Kumir scandium-rare-earth ore occurrence in Gornyi Altai, - Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Geol. i Razved., (2), pp. 43-54 (in Rus.).
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Idkerberget
    • Lappland
      • Jokkmokk
    		No reference listed
    • Uppland
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    		No reference listed
    • Västergötland
      • Svenljunga
        • Överlida
    		Kjellman
    USA
     
    • Montana
    		Parker & Havens (1963) U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-B: B10-B11; Foord, Eugene E. et al (1993) Canadian Mineralogist: 31: 337-346.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn, P.J. & Frondel, C. (1990): Mineralogical Record: 21: 425-427; Dunn, Pete J. (1995): Franklin and Sterling Hill New Jersey: the world’s most magnificent mineral deposits, part 3: 421.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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