Törnebohmite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Alfred E. Törnebohm
Formula:
Ce2Al(SiO4)2(OH)
Colour:
Olive-green, brown
Lustre:
Waxy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
4.94
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named törnebohmite after Alfred Elis Törnebohm (1838-1911), geologist, and a pioneer in the study of the Archean rocks of central Sweden. Later renamed with the suffix indicating the dominant rare earth element.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3998
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3998:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
929ac6d0-872a-4bf9-9dfc-ecbe26669c54
IMA Classification of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1920
Classification of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
9.AG.45
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
G : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in > [6] +- [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
G : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in > [6] +- [6] coordination
52.4.5.1
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
4 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] and/or >[6] coordination
16.13.2
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
13 : Aluminosilicates of the rare earths
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
13 : Aluminosilicates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tbh-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Olive-green, brown
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Density:
4.94 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.845 nβ = 1.852 nγ = 1.878
2V:
Measured: 26° , Calculated: 56°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.033
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Very strong; X = light rose to greenish yellow; Y = bluish green; Z = light rose.
Comments:
Absorption: Y > X = Z.
Chemistry of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce2Al(SiO4)2(OH)
Crystallography of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.383(3) Å, b = 5.673(3) Å, c = 16.937(6) Å
β = 112.04°
β = 112.04°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.301 : 1 : 2.986
Unit Cell V:
657.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Pseudohexagonal
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.08 Å | (100) |
| 2.82 Å | (90) |
| 2.01 Å | (60) |
| 2.18 Å | (50) |
| 1.783 Å | (50) |
| 4.57 Å | (40) |
| 3.53 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations |
Type Occurrence of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine-grained, massive; as inclusions in cerite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Geijer, P. (1920) The cerium minerals of Bastnäs at Riddarhyttan. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Arsbok: 14(304): 1-24.
Synonyms of Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Törnebohmite (in part)
Other Language Names for Törnebohmite-(Ce)
German:Törnebohmit-(Ce)
Russian:Торнебомит-(Ce)
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 22 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 22 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| 8 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 8 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 7 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Britholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3OH |
| 4 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Håleniusite-(La) | (La,Ce)OF |
| 4 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Strontium-rich Calcite | (Ca,Sr)CO3 |
| 4 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| 4 photos of Törnebohmite-(Ce) associated with Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AG. | Ivanyukite-Na-T | Na2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)O3 · 7H2O |
| 9.AG. | Ivanyukite-Na-C | Na2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AG. | Edgrewite | Ca9(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AG. | Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa) | (Ce6Ca3)◻Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3 |
| 9.AG.02 | Gatedalite | ZrMn2+2Mn3+4SiO12 |
| 9.AG.05 | Abswurmbachite | CuMn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| 9.AG.05 | Braunite | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| 9.AG.05 | Neltnerite | CaMn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| 9.AG.05 | Braunite-II | CaMn3+14(SiO4)O20 |
| 9.AG.10 | Långbanite | Mn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2 |
| 9.AG.12 | Taipingite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3 |
| 9.AG.15 | Malayaite | CaSn(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.15 | Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.15 | Vanadomalayaite | CaV4+(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.15 | Natrotitanite | (Na0.5Y0.5)Ti(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.15 | Żabińskiite | Ca[Al0.5(Ta,Nb)0.5)](SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.20 | Cerite-(CeCa) | (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| 9.AG.20 | Ferricerite-(LaCa) | (La6Ca3)◻Fe3+(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3 |
| 9.AG.20 | Aluminocerite-(CeCa) | (Ce6Ca3)◻Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4(OH)3 |
| 9.AG.25 | Trimounsite-(Y) | Y2Ti2(SiO4)O5 |
| 9.AG.25 | Yftisite-(Y) | (Y,Dy,Er)4(Ti,Sn)(SiO4)2O(F,OH)6 |
| 9.AG.25 | Mieite-(Y) | Y4Ti(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6 |
| 9.AG.30 | Sitinakite | KNa2Ti4(SiO4)2O5(OH) · 4H2O |
| 9.AG.35 | Kittatinnyite | Ca2Mn2Mn(SiO4)2(OH)4 · 9H2O |
| 9.AG.40a | Natisite | Na2Ti(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.40b | Paranatisite | Na2Ti(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.45 | Törnebohmite-(La) | La2Al(SiO4)2(OH) |
| 9.AG.50 | Kuliokite-(Y) | Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5 |
| 9.AG.50 | Ivanyukite-Na | Na2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 6H2O |
| 9.AG.50 | Ivanyukite-K | K2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 9H2O |
| 9.AG.50 | Ivanyukite-Cu | CuTi4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 7H2O |
| 9.AG.50 | Hydroxyledgrewite | Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AG.52 | Ulfanderssonite-(Ce) | (Ce15Ca)Σ16Mg2(SiO4)10(SiO3OH)(OH,F)5Cl3 |
| 9.AG.55 | Chantalite | CaAl2(SiO4)(OH)4 |
| 9.AG.60 | Mozartite | CaMn3+(SiO4)(OH) |
| 9.AG.60 | Vuagnatite | CaAl(SiO4)(OH) |
| 9.AG.65 | Hatrurite | Ca3(SiO4)O |
| 9.AG.70 | Jasmundite | Ca11(SiO4)4O2S |
| 9.AG.75 | Afwillite | Ca3(HSiO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.AG.80 | Bultfonteinite | Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O |
| 9.AG.85 | Zoltaiite | BaV4+2V3+12(SiO4)2O19 |
| 9.AG.90 | Tranquillityite | (Fe2+,Ca)8(Zr,Y)2Ti3(SiO4)3O12 |
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly dissolved by hot, concentrated HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Törnebohmite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3998.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Törnebohmite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Shen, J., Moore, P. B. (1982) Törnebohmite, RE2Al(OH)[SiO4]2: crystal structure and genealogy of RE(III)Si(IV)‹—›Ca(II)P(V) isomorphisms. American Mineralogist, 67 (9-10) 1021-1028
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Localities for Törnebohmite-(Ce)
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Wulser PA et al. U-Th-REE mobility in ... |
China | |
| Qu et al. (2019) |
France | |
| Bonazzi et al. (2003) |
Mongolia | |
| Kovalenko et al. (2004) |
Norway | |
| Neumann et al. (1963) |
| Husdal (2011) |
| Husdal (2011) |
| Husdal (2008) | |
Romania | |
| Hirtopanu Paulina et al. (2013) |
Russia | |
| N.V. Svyazhin Tornebohmite from ... +1 other reference |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
| Mills et al. (2012) | |
| Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) |
South Korea | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Sweden | |
| Jansson (2001) |
| Jansson (2001) | |
| |
| Geijer (1920) +1 other reference |
| Holtstam et al. (2017) | |
| Holtstam et al. (2007) | |
| Jonsson | |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Goddard et al. (1940) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 63: 457. |
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Bastnäs Mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland County, Sweden